突发事故情境中内隐记忆驱动的应急决策行为特性分析

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.10.2114

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 234-239.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.10.2114

突发事故情境中内隐记忆驱动的应急决策行为特性分析

韩豫¹^,²(), 李家猛¹, 顾婧¹

¹ 江苏大学土木工程与力学学院,江苏镇江 212013
² 江苏大学应急管理学院,江苏镇江 212013

收稿日期:2023-04-15 修回日期:2023-07-20 出版日期:2023-10-28
作者简介:
韩豫 (1985—),男,江苏镇江人,博士,教授,主要从事施工安全管理、智慧建造方面的研究。E-mail: hanyu85@yeah.net。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(72071097); 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金资助(20YJAZH034); 江苏大学应急管理学院专项科研项目(KY-B-10)

Analysis of emergency decision-making behavior characteristics driven by implicit memory in context of sudden accidents

HAN Yu¹^,²(), LI Jiameng¹, GU Jing¹

¹ Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013, China
² School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013, China

Received:2023-04-15 Revised:2023-07-20 Published:2023-10-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究突发事故情境中认知心理对应急决策的影响,提高个体应急处置能力,采用认知心理学中加工分离范式,设计再认试验来量化内隐记忆水平。开展应急决策行为模拟试验,测试应急决策的反应时间和行为选择,并通过反应时和准确率来评价其应急决策能力,进一步对比不同内隐记忆水平当事人应急决策行为结果差异,分析内隐记忆驱动下应急决策行为的过程特性及自动化产生机制。结果表明:内隐记忆能够对应急决策的信息感知、认知加工和行为选择过程产生影响;相较于内隐记忆较低的被试群体,内隐记忆较高的被试应急反应速度更快,应急行为选择的准确性更高;当事人在危险感知的启动阶段,通过无意识提取相关记忆,能够快速响应;在认知加工阶段,消耗较少的注意资源,表现出一定程度的自动化行为特征,减少自我损耗,从而增强应急决策情绪状态的稳定性,减少冒险行为。

关键词: 突发事故, 内隐记忆, 应急决策行为, 自动化行为, 认知资源, 加工分离范式

Abstract:

In order to explore the influence of cognitive psychology on emergency decision-making in the context of sudden accidents and improve individual's emergency response ability, a re-recognition test was designed to measure implicit memory levels by using the task dissociation framework in cognitive psychology. An emergency decision-making behavior simulation experiment was conducted to test response time and behavioral choices, and to evaluate emergency decision-making abilities based on reaction time and accuracy. By comparing the differences between individuals with different implicit memory levels in emergency decision-making behavior, the process characteristics and automatic generation mechanisms of emergency decision-making behavior driven by implicit memory were analyzed. The results show that implicit memory can affect the information perception, cognitive processing, and behavioral selection processes of emergency decision-making. Compared to individuals with low implicit memory, those with high implicit memory have faster emergency response speed and higher accuracy in the choice of emergency behavior. During the initiation of danger perception, they respond rapidly through unconscious extraction of relevant memories. And they consume less attention resources during cognitive processing, exhibiting certain characteristics of automated behavior and reducing self-damage, thereby enhancing the stability of the individual's emotional state in emergency decision-making situations and reducing risk-taking behavior.

Key words: sudden aceidents, implicit memory, emergency decision-making behavior, automated behavior, cognitive resources, processing separation paradigm

韩豫, 李家猛, 顾婧. 突发事故情境中内隐记忆驱动的应急决策行为特性分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(10): 234-239.

HAN Yu, LI Jiameng, GU Jing. Analysis of emergency decision-making behavior characteristics driven by implicit memory in context of sudden accidents[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(10): 234-239.

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试验类别	试验指标	指标说明
行为试验	决策准确率	回答决策问题的正确率
行为试验	决策反应时	决策问题出现到结束的时间
再认试验	再认准确率	事故再认的正确率

正态参数		p
M/%	SD/%	0.054
72.23	12.81	0.054

内隐记忆水平	高内隐记忆水平		低内隐记忆水平
准确率/%	64.21±16.10		52.35±8.31
反应时/ms	1 445.63±87.50		1 563.12±121.72
事故特征	频发事故	偶发事故	频发事故	偶发事故
准确率/%	74.74±16.11	53.68±20.06	58.82±13.17	45.88±9.39
反应时/ms	1 328.89±118.19	1 545.47±122.27	1 515.18±118.21	1 609.82±152.33

内隐记忆水平	认知努力	心理压力	时间压力
高	2.63	2.79	4.37
低	3.24	3.41	4.53

突发事故情境中内隐记忆驱动的应急决策行为特性分析

Analysis of emergency decision-making behavior characteristics driven by implicit memory in context of sudden accidents

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