Effects of inorganic salt and polysaccharide mixtures on physicochemical properties of foam extinguishing agents

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.1027

Abstract

Abstract:

To further improve the fire extinguishing efficiency of environmentally friendly foam extinguishing agents, surfactants of the sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate (AOS) and phosphate betaine silicone surfactant (PBSS) and foam stabilizers of inorganic salts and polysaccharides were used to propose environmentally friendly foam extinguishing agents. The effects of inorganic salt and polysaccharide mixtures on surface tension, foaming capability, and foam stability were analyzed. Then the foam stabilization mechanism of the foam stabilizer mixtures was investigated. The results indicated that the inorganic salt and polysaccharide mixtures greatly improved the physicochemical properties of the foam extinguishing agents. The foam fire extinguishing agent mixture by 0.025% xanthan gum, 0.125% gelatin, and 0.1% MgCl₂ showed the best overall performance with a surface tension of 24.34 mN/m, an initial foam height of 118.81 mm, and a 25% liquid drainage time of 132.1 s. The foam stabilizing mechanism of the foam stabilizer was attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between xanthan gum and gelatin, which greatly enhanced the surface strength of the foam liquid film, thereby effectively slowing down the drainage rate and bubbles coarsening of foam. Moreover, the Mg²⁺ was adsorbed around the AOS/PBSS head group due to electrostatic interaction, which impaired the electrostatic repulsion between the head groups and increased the concentration of surfactant, further improving foam stability.

Key words: inorganic salt, polysaccharide mixtures, foam extinguishing agent, physicochemical property, foam stability

CLC Number:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

KANG Wendong, LU Yi, ZHANG Zuobin, LI He, XING Yuting, ZHOU Qinyun. Effects of inorganic salt and polysaccharide mixtures on physicochemical properties of foam extinguishing agents[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(3): 137-147.

Figures/Tables 23

Tab.1

Fig.1

Tab.2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Tab.3

Physicochemical properties of foam extinguishing agent with different inorganic salt concentrations

稳泡剂类型	添加比例/%	表面张力/(mN·m^-1)	$H 0$ /mm	析液速率/(g·s^-1)	$t 25 %$ /s
未添加稳泡剂		24.57±0.12	111.9	0.29	25.70±3.58
氯化钠	0.01	25.84±0.08	123.0	0.25	32.13±0.33
	0.03	25.92±0.47	123.0	0.22	35.35±0.02
	0.05	26.55±0.14	124.5	0.21	38.02±0.27
	0.1	27.34±0.74	125.4	0.19	41.39±0.57
	0.3	26.39±0.14	123.0	0.19	40.51±1.90
	0.5	25.59±0.04	124.5	0.19	40.37±0.09
	1.0	25.39±0.19	120.0	0.17	40.39±1.11
氯化镁	〗0.01	24.46±0.06	126.0	0.22	34.83±1.42
	0.03	24.31±0.12	126.0	0.20	37.64±0.64
	0.05	24.71±0.03	126.0	0.19	40.62±0.25
	0.1	25.34±0.03	126.0	0.18	41.85±1.14
	0.3	24.81±0.05	127.5	0.20	37.29±1.62
	0.5	24.22±0.51	120.0	0.24	32.07±0.24
	1.0	24.32±0.06	121.5	0.27	28.77±1.74
氯化铁	〗0.01	24.61±0.05	<5	—	<5
	0.05	25.62±0.04	<5	—	<5
	0.1	26.23±0.06	<5	—	<5
	0.3	25.73±0.03	<5	—	<5
	0.5	25.14±0.61	<5	—	<5

Tab.3

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Tab.4

Physicochemical properties of foam extinguishing agent with mixture of polysaccharide and inorganic salt

复配体系	表面张力/(mN·m^-1)	$H 0$ /mm	析液速率/(g·s^-1)	$t 25 %$ /s
0.025%黄原胶/0.125%明胶	24.47±0.49	123.00	0.059	128.10±2.19
0.025%黄原胶/0.125%明胶/0.1%氯化钠	24.39±0.19	120.21	0.065	120.10±9.17
0.025%黄原胶/0.125%明胶/0.1%氯化镁	24.34±0.03	118.81	0.058	132.10±1.12

Tab.4

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

Fig.15

Fig.16

Fig.17

Fig.18

Tab.5

References 21

[1]	MONIN D, ESPERT A, COLIN A. A new analysis of foam coalescence: from isolated films to three-dimensional foams[J]. Langmuir, 2000, 16(8):3873-3883. doi: 10.1021/la981733o
[2]	史全林, 杨红旗, 李洪彪. 成膜型胶体泡沫的制备及灭火降温特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(10):121-126. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.10.2201
	SHI Quanlin, YANG Hongqi, LI Hongbiao. Research on preparation of film-forming colloidal foam and its fire extinguishing and cooling characteristics[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(10):121-126. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.10.2201
[3]	蒋新生, 翟琰, 尤杨, 等. 超细粉体三相泡沫灭火剂热稳定性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2015, 25(12):40-45.
	JIANG Xinsheng, ZHAI Yan, YOU Yang, et al. Study on thermostability of three-phase foam extinguishing agent incorporating ultra-fine powder[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2015, 25(12):40-45.
[4]	SHENG Youjie, LU Shouxiang, JIANG Ning, et al. Drainage of aqueous film-forming foam stabilized by different foam stabilizers[J]. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2018, 39(9):1266-1273. doi: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1393432
[5]	ACHINTA B, KEKA O, AJAY M. Synergistic effect of mixed surfactant systems on foam behavior and surface tension[J]. Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2013, 16(4):621-630. doi: 10.1007/s11743-012-1422-4
[6]	SONG Xinwang, ZHANG Lei, WANG Xiaochun, et al. Study on foaming properties of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether carboxylic salts with different structures[J]. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2011, 32(2):247-253. doi: 10.1080/01932691003657001
[7]	GUAN Yongguang, ZHONG Qixin. Stable aqueous foams created with intercalated montmorillonite nanoclay coated by sodium caseinate[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2019, 248:36-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.12.011
[8]	AMANI P, FIROUZI M. Effect of salt and particles on the hydrodynamics of foam flows in relation to foam static characteristics[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2022, 254:DOI:10.1016/j.ces.2022.117611.
[9]	JIANG Ning, YU Xiaoyang, SHENG Youjie, et al. Role of salts in performance of foam stabilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2020, 216:DOI:10.1016/j.ces.2020.115474.
[10]	DONG Zhiyu, LIU Shuo, NIE Xin, et al. Experimental and molecular simulation research on the effect of metal ions on the stability of SDS foam[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2021, 36(1):521-526. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c03249
[11]	KANG Wendong, YAN Long, DING Faxing, et al. Effect of polysaccharide polymers on the surface and foam properties of aqueous film-forming foam[J]. Colloid and Interface Science Communications, 2021, 45:DOI:10.1016/j.colcom.2021.100540.
[12]	康文东, 徐志胜, 丁发兴, 等. 多糖聚合物对环保型泡沫灭火剂理化性能的影响[J]. 应用化工, 2022, 51(5):1219-1225.
	KANG Wendong, XU Zhisheng, DING Faxing, et al. Effect of polysaccharide polymers on physicochemical properties of environmental-friendly foam extinguishing agents[J]. Applied Chemical Industry, 2022, 51(5):1219-1225.
[13]	WU Gang, ZHU Qianqian, YUAN Congtai, et al. Molecular dynamics simulation of the influence of polyacrylamide on the stability of sodium dodecyl sulfate foam[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2017, 166:313-319. doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.03.011
[14]	WU Gang, YUAN Congtai, JI Xianjing, et al. Effects of head type on the stability of gemini surfactant foam by molecular dynamics simulation[J]. Chemical Physics Letters, 2017, 682:122-127. doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.06.017
[15]	LI Chunling, ZHANG Tiantian, JI Xianjing, et al. Effect of Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ on the stability of the foam system stabilized by an anionic surfactant: a molecular dynamics study[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2016, 489:423-432. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.11.012
[16]	EWALD P P. Die berechnung optischer und elektrostatischer gitterpotentiale[J]. Annalen Der Physik, 1921, 369(3):253-287. doi: 10.1002/andp.v369:3
[17]	吴刚. 无机盐对表面活性剂及其复合体系泡沫稳定性影响的机理研究[D]. 青岛: 中国石油大学, 2017.
	WU Gang. Effect of inorganic salts on foam stability of surfactant and its composite systems[D]. Qingdao: China University of Petroleum Doctoral Dissertation, 2017.
[18]	EXEROWA D, ZACHARIEVA M, COHEN R, et al. Dependence of the equilibrium thickness and double layer potential of foam films on the surfactant concentration[J]. Colloid & Polymer Science, 1979, 257(10):1089-1098.
[19]	ZHU Han, CHEN Long, XU Jie, et al. Experimental study on performance improvement of anionic surfactant foaming agent by xanthan gum[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 230:DOI:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116993.
[20]	RIO E, DRENCKHAN W, SALONEN A, et al. Unusually stable liquid Foams[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2014, 205:74-86. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.10.023 pmid: 24342735
[21]	WU Zhaoliang, YIN Hao, LIU Wei, et al. Xanthan gum assisted foam fractionation for the recovery of casein from the dairy wastewater[J]. Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2019, 50:37-46.

组分	性质	质量分数/%
AOS	纯度≥99%	0.08
PBSS	纯度≥99%	0.08
尿素	分析纯	3
乙二醇	分析纯	3
二乙二醇丁醚	分析纯	1
稳泡剂	分析纯	0.01~1
水	去离子水	92

名称	参数
系综	宏观正则系综
温控函数	安德森函数
库伦相互作用力计算方法	埃瓦耳德法
模拟温度/K	298
范德瓦尔相互作用计算方法	基于原子法
截断半径/Å	12.5
时间步长/s	1×10^-15
总模拟时间/s	2×10^-10