Abstract: In order to prevent the risk of ecological environment arising from the implementation of railway planning and maintain the safety of the ecosystem, the important environmental sensitive areas in the influence of railway planning and design were selected, such as related planning, soil erosion and other environmental resource loss. The methods of comparative analysis and comprehensive index were used to predict and evaluate the potential of ecological risk, and to estimate the preliminary judgment of the scale of the railway network and layout scheme of ecological environment rationality. The results show that, after the implementation of railway planning, the potential ecological risk is slightly higher. The greatest contribution to potential risk is the ecological risk caused by soil erosion. And the risk of ecological diversity and landscape ecological risk are increased along the line, because the railway construction cuts various ecological landscapes.

Key words: railway planning and design, ecological environment, risk assessment, loss of soil, railway network