Cascading effect analysis of IMA system for multi-phased mission in SPO mode

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.02.0148

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the problems of state-space explosion and unclear causal relationships in the safety analysis of IMA system under the future SPO mode, multi-phase mission profiles for the SPO mode were first defined, and the resident applications and fault criteria for different mission phases were identified. The concept of CEA was introduced, and a quantitative computational model for cascading fault propagation was developed. Methods for evaluating the probability of cascading faults and the cascade risk coefficient were designed to assess the propagation speed, scope, and impact severity of faults within the IMA system. Finally, a comparative analysis was conducted under an SPO scenario to examine how cascading faults affect the IMA system across different mission phases and initial fault conditions. The results show that the proposed model can characterize both the direct and indirect impacts of faults in the IMA system. When primary flight control and integrated navigation are initial fault events, cascading faults are more likely to occur, indicating that targeted backup, monitoring, or reconfiguration measures for key resident applications are required.

Key words: single-pilot operations (SPO), multi-phased mission, integrated modular avionics (IMA), cascading effect analysis (CEA), resident applications

CLC Number:

X949

DONG Lei, LIU Jiachen, SUN Zijing, CHEN Xi, WANG Peng. Cascading effect analysis of IMA system for multi-phased mission in SPO mode[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(2): 84-92.

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任务阶段	参与角色职责			航电功能需求
任务阶段	单一飞行员	智能航电系统	地面操作员	管理	监视	显示	飞行	通信
阶段1	A3	B1	×	↗	↗	—	—	—
阶段2	A2	B2	C1	↑	↗	—	—	↑
阶段3	×	B3	A2	↑	↑	×	↑	↑

功能	驻留应用	阶段1	阶段2	阶段3
管理	综合导航	√	√	√
	性能计算	√	√	×
	飞行计划	√	√	√
	轨迹导引	√	√	√
监视	空中交通防撞	√	√	√
	地形感知与告警	√	√	√
	气象探测	√	√	√
	机载防撞	√	√	√
显示	综合显示1	√	√	×
显示	综合显示2	√	√	×
飞行	自动飞行控制	√	√	√
	主飞行控制	√	√	√
	自动推力控制	√	√	√
通信	指挥通信	×	√	√
	控制通信	×	×	√
	空管通信	√	√	×
智能	负荷评估	√	√	√
	任务分配	√	√	√
	自然语言处理	√	√	×
	智能防撞	×	√	√
	自动化配置	√	√	√
	视觉着陆	×	×	√
	性能优化	×	×	√

定性要求	无概率要求	可能的	微小的	极微小	极不可能
定量要求/(1次·飞行小时^-1)	无概率要求	≤10^-3	≤10^-5	≤10^-7	≤10^-9
失效状态分类	无安全性影响	轻微的	重大的	危险的	灾难性的
影响等级分类	Ⅴ	Ⅳ	Ⅲ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ
驻留应用分类	不适用	非必要功能	低必要功能	高必要功能	关键功能

驻留应用	分类等级	驻留应用	分类等级
综合导航	高必要	性能计算	低必要
飞行计划	高必要	轨迹导引	低必要
空中交通防撞	高必要	地形感知与告警	低必要
气象探测	低必要	机载防撞	高必要
综合显示1	高必要	综合显示2	低必要
自动飞行控制	高必要	主飞行控制	关键
自动推力控制	低必要	指挥通信	高必要
控制通信	关键	AOC和ATC通信	低必要
负荷评估	高必要	任务分配	低必要
自然语言处理	低必要	智能防撞	高必要
自动化配置	低必要	视觉着陆	高必要
性能优化	高必要

离散时间步	SPO模式任务阶段	平均级联风险排名
0.5×10⁴	任务阶段1	主飞行控制 0.104 2	综合导航 0.074 7	机载防撞 0.070 9	空中交通防撞 0.070 9	自动飞行控制 0.069 5
0.5×10⁴	任务阶段3	主飞行控制 0.180 4	综合导航 0.152 9	性能优化 0.152 9	智能防撞 0.149 3	指挥通信 0.149 1
1.0×10⁴	任务阶段1	主飞行控制 0.275 8	综合导航 0.199 4	机载防撞 0.193 4	空中交通防撞 0.193 4	飞行计划 0.190 9
1.0×10⁴	任务阶段3	主飞行控制 0.559 5	控制通信 0.516 1	综合导航 0.416 3	性能优化 0.416 3	指挥通信 0.409 0
1.5×10⁴	任务阶段1	主飞行控制 0.450 6	综合导航 0.330 1	机载防撞 0.323 4	空中交通防撞 0.323 4	飞行计划 0.328 8
1.5×10⁴	任务阶段3	主飞行控制 1.000 0	控制通信 0.960 9	综合导航 0.713 3	性能优化 0.713 3	飞行计划 0.707 3