HMX基钝感传爆药制备技术

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.02.019

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 139-144.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.02.019

HMX基钝感传爆药制备技术

郭海军¹(), 吴昱辰¹, 唐寒露¹, 王凯¹^,^**(), 王亮², 徐超¹

¹ 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083
² 中国矿业大学安全工程学院,江苏徐州 221116

收稿日期:2021-11-17 修回日期:2022-01-05 出版日期:2022-08-18 发布日期:2022-08-28
通讯作者: 王凯
作者简介:
郭海军 (1988—),男,河南虞城人,博士,讲师,主要从事安全科学与工程方面的研究。E-mail: navycumtb@126.com。
王亮教授
徐超副教授
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(51904310); 国家自然科学基金资助(52130409); 国家自然科学基金资助(52121003); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2021YQAQ06)

Preparation technology of HMX-based insensitive booster explosives

GUO Haijun¹(), WU Yuchen¹, TANG Hanlu¹, WANG Kai¹^,^**(), WANG Liang², XU Chao¹

¹ School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
² School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, China

Received:2021-11-17 Revised:2022-01-05 Online:2022-08-18 Published:2022-08-28
Contact: WANG Kai

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为获得性能更佳的钝感传爆药,以奥克托今(HMX)原料为基础,采用溶剂-非溶剂重结晶技术,并辅以超声喷雾工艺制备细化HMX,同时,通过试验方法制备以丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)、F₂₆₀₂和Viton A等3种材料为黏结剂的包覆HMX,并分别测试分析其安全性。结果表明:经过细化后,HMX的热稳定性和热敏感性降低,而撞击安定性则明显提高。制备包覆HMX时,在黏结剂与原料配比相同条件下,其表观活化能和指前因子均大于细化样品,且ACM包覆HMX会使其热稳定性更好。结合热爆炸临界温度可知:在95∶5的配比下由ACM包覆的炸药性能更佳,而且经撞击感度测试发现其降感效果亦最明显。

关键词: 奥克托今(HMX), 钝感传爆药, 制备, 重结晶, 水悬浮法

Abstract:

In order to obtain insensitive booster explosives with better performance, based on HMX raw materials, fine-grained HMX was prepared by using solvent-non-solvent recrystallization technology and ultrasonic spray technology. Meanwhile, coated HMX with acrylate rubber (ACM), F₂₆₀₂ and Viton A as binders was prepared by using the experiment method, and its safety was tested and analyzed. The results indicate that after refinement, the thermal stability and thermal sensitivity of HMX are reduced, while its impact stability are greatly improved. When coated HMX is prepared, its apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factors are greater than that of refined samples under the condition of the same ratio of binder and raw material, and moreover, HMX coated with ACM will result in better thermal stability. According to the critical temperature of thermal explosion, it can be concluded that explosives coated with ACM at the ratio of 95∶5 has the best performance, and impact sensitivity test also shows that ACM has the most obvious desensitization effect.

Key words: cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX), insensitive booster explosive, preparation, recrystallization, water suspension method

郭海军, 吴昱辰, 唐寒露, 王凯, 王亮, 徐超. HMX基钝感传爆药制备技术[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(2): 139-144.

GUO Haijun, WU Yuchen, TANG Hanlu, WANG Kai, WANG Liang, XU Chao. Preparation technology of HMX-based insensitive booster explosives[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(2): 139-144.

图/表 13

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

热分解动力学参数

样品	E_a/(kJ·mol^-1)	lgA	$t p 0$ /℃	$t e$ /℃
原料HMX	436.30	38.11	275.43	281.30
细化HMX	414.26	36.01	276.07	282.24

表1

表2

图6

图7

图8

表3

表4

HMX基造型粉PBX炸药的热性能参数

样品	E_a/(kJ·mol^-1)	lgA	$t p 0$ /℃	$t e$ /℃
细化HMX	414.26	36.01	276.07	282.24
HMX/ACM	462.75	40.68	275.92	281.93
HMX/F₂₆₀₂	436.16	38.18	275.90	281.77
HMX/Viton A	383.61	36.01	277.73	276.06

表4

表5

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样品	特性落高H₅₀/cm	标准偏差σ
原料HMX	15.90	0.035
细化HMX	48.65	0.029

样品	不同升温速率条件下的峰温/℃
样品	5 ℃/min	10 ℃/min	20 ℃/min
HMX/ACM	279.84	283.26	287.39
HMX/F₂₆₀₂	280.44	284.05	288.48
HMX/Viton A	281.25	285.37	290.39

HMX基钝感传爆药制备技术

Preparation technology of HMX-based insensitive booster explosives

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样品	撞击感度
样品	特性落高/cm	标准偏差
HMX/ACM	56.28	1.023
HMX/F₂₆₀₂	45	1.038
HMX/Viton A	41	1.005