中国安全科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 163-170.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.04.024

• 公共安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

建筑物火灾事故致因及路径分析

关城1(), 张志珍2,**(), 栗婧2, 吴斌2, 严启航2   

  1. 1 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 信息通信研究所,北京 102200
    2 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-23 修回日期:2022-03-18 出版日期:2022-04-28 发布日期:2022-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 张志珍
  • 作者简介:

    关城 (1990—),男,山西晋城人,博士,工程师,主要从事电力应急与安全管理方面的工作。Email:

    栗婧, 副教授。

  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(2021YJSAQ12)

Analysis on cause factors and evolution paths of fire accidents in buildings

GUAN Cheng1(), ZHANG Zhizhen2,**(), LI Jing2, WU Bin2, YAN Qihang2   

  1. 1 Institute of Information and Communication, Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing 102200, China
    2 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2021-12-23 Revised:2022-03-18 Online:2022-04-28 Published:2022-10-28
  • Contact: ZHANG Zhizhen

摘要:

为有效预防和遏制建筑火灾事故的发生,基于事故致因“2-4”模型(24 Model),统计 58起建筑物火灾事故,分析导致建筑物火灾事故频发的个人和组织层面因素与事故演变路径,构建建筑物火灾发生路径图。结果表明:导致建筑物火灾的直接原因中,发生频率较高的是行为人违章违规操作、监管责任落实不到位和生产场所设计不符合紧急疏散要求;间接原因包括不安全动作行为人和组织管理者的安全知识、意识、习惯存在问题,发生频率分别为75.86%、84.48%、56.90%;根本原因中安全生产责任制、火灾隐患排查治理制度和安全培训制度等缺失发生频率均在85%以上;根源原因中发生频率最高的是安全相对重要程度较低以及安全生产主体责任理解不到位。

关键词: 建筑物火灾, “2-4”模型(24 Model), 原因分析, 演变路径, 预防策略

Abstract:

In order to effectively prevent and reduce fire accidents in buildings, 58 of such accidents were collected based on 24 Model, and individual and organizational factors leading to their frequent occurrence and evolution paths were analyzed. Then, an evolution path diagram was developed. The results show that among all direct causes, the more frequent ones are violation of rules and regulations by individuals, supervision responsibility not in place and failure of production site design to meet requirements of emergency evacuation. And indirect causes include problems in safety knowledge, consciousness and habits of accident parties and organization managers, with a frequency of 75.86%, 84.48% and 56.90% respectively. In terms of fundamental causes, lacks of safety production responsibility system, fire hazard investigation and management system and safety training system all feature a frequency of over 85%, while for root causes, the most frequent ones are relatively low importance of safety and inadequate understanding of main responsibilities for production safety.

Key words: building fire, 24Model, reason analysis, evolution path, prevention strategy