纳米TiO2在膨胀型透明防火涂料中的协效作用

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.07.1535

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 63-69.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.07.1535

纳米TiO₂在膨胀型透明防火涂料中的协效作用

易亮(), 杨倩, 颜龙^**(), 王宁, 徐志胜

中南大学防灾科学与安全技术研究所,湖南长沙 410075

收稿日期:2022-01-07 修回日期:2022-05-13 出版日期:2022-08-12 发布日期:2023-01-28
通讯作者: 颜龙
作者简介:
作者简介：易亮 (1979—),男,湖南浏阳人,博士,教授,主要从事火灾科学与消防工程研究工作。E-mail: yiliang@csu.edu.cn。
徐志胜, 教授
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(51906261); 湖南省重点研发计划项目(2021SK2054); 湖南省研究生自主探索创新项目(2021zzts0757)

Synergistic flame-retardant and smoke suppression effect of nano-TiO₂ in transparent intumescent fire-retardant coatings

YI Liang(), YANG Qian, YAN Long^**(), WANG Ning, XU Zhisheng

Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha Hunan 410075, China

Received:2022-01-07 Revised:2022-05-13 Online:2022-08-12 Published:2023-01-28
Contact: YAN Long

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高透明防火涂料的阻燃和抑烟效率,以柔性磷酸酯(PPE)和纳米二氧化钛(TiO₂)为原料,合成纳米复合柔性PPE阻燃剂,将其与氨基树脂复配制备膨胀型透明防火涂料。依据小室法、隧道法,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪、烟密度仪和扫描电镜(SEM)等探究纳米TiO₂在膨胀型透明防火涂料中阻燃、抑烟和耐老化作用。结果表明:添加纳米TiO₂可有效提高涂层的成炭能力和阻燃抑烟性能,促进涂层在燃烧过程中形成更多的交联结构和芳香结构,并使涂层保持较高的透光度;当PPE与纳米TiO₂质量比为99.7∶0.3时,所制备的涂层表现出最佳的协效作用,其火焰传播比值和烟密度等级相比于未添加纳米TiO₂的涂层分别下降了69.5%和83.3%,在700 ℃下的残炭率达到38.9%。

关键词: 膨胀型透明防火涂料, 纳米TiO₂, 磷酸酯(PPE), 协效作用, 阻燃性能

Abstract:

In order to improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression efficiency of transparent intumescent fire-retardant coatings, flexible phosphate ester (PPE) and nano titanium dioxide (TiO₂) were applied as raw materials to synthesize nano-composite flexible PPE flame retardant, which was compounded with amino resin to obtain transparent intumescent fire-retardant coatings. Based on the cabinet method and tunnel method test, the synergistic effect, flame retardancy, smoke suppression and aging resistance of nano-TiO₂ in the transparent fire-retardant coatings was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, smoke density instrument and scanning electron microscope. The results show that the addition of nano-TiO₂ can effectively improve the char-forming ability, flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance of the coating, and promote the formation of more cross-linking structures and aromatic structures in the combustion process of the coating, and maintain a high transmittance. When the mass ratio of PPE and nano-TiO₂ was 99.7∶0.3, the coating shows the best synergistic effect. Compared with the coating without nano-TiO₂, the flame spread ratio and smoke density of the coating decreased by 69.5% and 83.3%, respectively. The carbon residual rate reached 38.9% at 700 ℃.

Key words: transparent intumescent fire-retardant coatings, nano-TiO₂, phosphate ester (PPE), synergistic effect, flame retardant performance

易亮, 杨倩, 颜龙, 王宁, 徐志胜. 纳米TiO₂在膨胀型透明防火涂料中的协效作用[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(7): 63-69.

YI Liang, YANG Qian, YAN Long, WANG Ning, XU Zhisheng. Synergistic flame-retardant and smoke suppression effect of nano-TiO₂ in transparent intumescent fire-retardant coatings[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(7): 63-69.

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试样	TiPPE0	TiPPE1	TiPPE2	TiPPE3	TiPPE4
酸值/(mg KOH·g^-1)	364.3±5	348.6±5	328.3±4	304.5±5	296.1±5
m_P∶m_T	100∶0	99.9∶0.1	99.8∶0.2	99.7∶0.3	99.5∶0.5

样品编号	MTiPPE0	MTiPPE1	MTiPPE2	MTiPPE3	MTiPPE4
质量损失/g	2.5±0.5	2.4±0.3	2.1±0.2	2.0±0.2	2.3±0.2
炭化体积/cm³	22.3±0.5	18.0±0.5	13.7±0.5	11.8±0.4	16.2±0.5
火焰传播比值	23.6±0.5	19.5±0.5	12.2±0.6	7.2±0.8	15.7±1.0
膨胀倍数	45.0±3	60.0±3	97.5±5	105.0±5	72.5±2

样品	初始分解温度/℃	质量损失率/%				700 ℃时的残炭率/%
样品	初始分解温度/℃	50~210 ℃	210~330 ℃	330~540 ℃	540~700 ℃	700 ℃时的残炭率/%
MTiPPE0	194.7	5.9	21.5	31.7	8.7	32.1
MTiPPE1	194.8	6.0	20.12	32.7	7.6	33.7
MTiPPE2	196.1	4.6	19.71	32.4	9.1	34.2
MTiPPE3	234.8	2.7	19.64	32.6	6.1	38.9
MTiPPE4	198.8	5.61	18.12	30.9	14.1	37.3

纳米TiO₂在膨胀型透明防火涂料中的协效作用

Synergistic flame-retardant and smoke suppression effect of nano-TiO₂ in transparent intumescent fire-retardant coatings

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