二氧化硅凝胶泡沫材料制备及阻燃性能研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.05.0114

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决二氧化硅凝胶泡沫材料黏度低和稳定性差等问题,研究制备一种以复合发泡剂、稳泡剂、硅酸钠溶液和乙酸为原料的二氧化硅凝胶泡沫。首先,采用溶胶-凝胶法和正交试验研究硅酸钠溶液交联体系与复配发泡剂的性能;然后,采用博勒飞黏度计测试不同配比凝胶的成胶时间及黏度,选出适合固体可燃物(木材)阻燃的凝胶配比;最后,采用同步热重(TG)分析仪进行现场试验,测试凝胶泡沫对固体可燃物(木材)的阻燃特性。结果表明:二氧化硅凝胶泡沫对木材有良好的阻燃效果;凝胶在成胶过程中可粘结在固体可燃物(木材)的表面;在空气气氛下,木材的残炭率几乎为0,而木材@凝胶泡沫体系试验结束后的残炭率约为48.63%,且在现场木材燃烧试验中,木材比凝胶处理后的木材失重率多46%,说明二氧化硅凝胶泡沫有较好的阻燃性能。

关键词: 二氧化硅凝胶泡沫, 阻燃性能, 热重(TG), 热稳定性, 成胶时间

Abstract:

In order to solve problems of low viscosity and poor stability of silica gel foam materials, a silica gel foam was prepared by using composite foaming agent, foam stabilizer, sodium silicate solution and acetic acid as raw materials. Firstly, sol-gel method and orthogonal test were used to study properties of sodium silicate solution's crosslinking system and compound foaming agent. Secondly, gelling time and viscosity of gels at different proportions were tested by Brookfield viscometer, and gel ratio suitable for solid combustibles (wood) was selected. Subsequently, on-site experiments were conducted by utilizing synchronous thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer to study flame retardant properties of gel foam on wood. The results show that silica gel foam has good flame retardant effect on wood combustion. The gel could be bonded to surface of solid combustibles (wood) during gelation process. In air atmosphere, carbon residue rate of wood is almost zero, while that for wood @gel foam system after experiment is about 48.63%, and according to the field wood burning tests, the wood's weight loss rate is 46% higher than gel-treated wood, indicating that the gel foam has better flame retardancy.

Key words: silica gel foam, flame retardancy, thermogravimetric(TG), thermal stability, gelation time

巩亚文, 刘应春, 景明举, 张英楠, 张彬. 二氧化硅凝胶泡沫材料制备及阻燃性能研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(5): 127-133.

GONG Yawen, LIU Yingchun, JING Mingju, ZHANG Yingnan, ZHANG Bin. Preparation and flame retardant properties of silica gel foam[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(5): 127-133.

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材料类型	材料种类
阴离子表面活性剂	SDS
	SDBS
	AES
非离子表面活性剂	APG
两性离子表面活性剂	LAB
稳泡剂	CMC-Na
前驱体	硅酸钠溶液(Na₂O(SiO₂)_x·xH₂O; Na₂O, 10.6%, SiO₂, 26.5%)
催化剂	乙酸(分析纯,99.5%)

硅酸钠质量分数/%	乙酸质量分数/%	成胶时间/s	泡沫质量和液泡混合状态
10	20	480	少量液体析出
	30	360	稳定无液体析出
	40	240	稳定无液体析出
	50	1 350	少量液体析出
硅酸钠质量分数/%	乙酸质量分数/%	成胶时间/s	泡沫质量和液泡混合状态
20	20	>1 500	长时间没有硬化
	30	90	稳定无液体析出
	40	120	稳定无液体析出
	50	480	少量液体析出
30	20	260	少量液体析出
	30	160	稳定无液体析出
	40	30	稳定无液体析出
	50	125	少量液体析出
40	20	>1 500	长时间没硬化
	30	160	稳定无液体析出
	40	140	稳定无液体析出
	50	120	少量液体析出