磷石膏基自产气膨胀浆体防灭火性能研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.0099

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为防治煤矿顶煤和上分层遗煤自燃等高位火源灾害,以工业固废物磷石膏为基料,加入碳酸氢钠和聚丙烯酰胺等成分,制备出一种自产气膨胀浆体。首先,应用热重(TG)分析仪研究浆体在不同升温速率下的热稳定性;然后,采用自行搭建的隔热性能测试系统测试浆体的隔热性;最后,通过灭火试验研究浆体的灭火降温性能。结果表明:磷石膏基自产气膨胀浆体在160 ℃以下时存在35%~46%的质量损失,当温度大于160 ℃时,浆体的质量分数不再发生改变;浆体堆积厚度达到30 mm 时,有效隔热时间超过139 min,可实现对煤自燃危险区域较好的覆盖;浆体通过在煤堆裂隙中膨胀扩散,自下而上完全包裹碎煤,隔绝氧气,具有良好的降温灭火性能,注浆36 min后,各点位温度已全部降低至50 ℃以下,未出现复燃现象。

关键词: 磷石膏基自产气膨胀浆体, 煤自燃, 热稳定性, 隔热性能, 灭火降温, 有效隔热时间

Abstract:

In order to prevent high-level fire hazards such as spontaneous combustion of top coal and upper layer residual coal, a self-produced gas expansion slurry was prepared by taking industrial solid waste phosphogypsum as the base material, adding components such as sodium bicarbonate and polyacrylamide. Firstly, a thermogravimetry(TG) analyzer was used to study the thermal stability of the slurry at different heating rates. Then, a self-built insulation performance testing system was used to test the thermal insulation performance of the slurry. Finally, the fire extinguishing and cooling performance of the slurry was studied through fire extinguishing experiments. The results show that when the temperature of phosphogypsum based self-produced gas expansion slurry is below 160 ℃, there is a mass loss of 35% to 46% in the slurry. When the temperature is above 160 ℃, the mass fraction of the slurry no longer changes. The thickness of the slurry accumulation reaches 30 mm, and the effective insulation time exceeds 139 min, which can achieve good coverage of coal spontaneous combustion hazardous areas. The slurry expands and diffuses in the cracks of the coal pile, completely enveloping the broken coal from bottom to top, isolating oxygen, and having good cooling and fire extinguishing performance. After 36 min of grouting, the temperature at all points has been decreased to below 50 ℃, and no reignition phenomenon has occurred.

Key words: phosphogypsum based self-produced gas expansion slurry, coal spontaneous combustion, thermal stability, thermal insulation performance, fire extinguishing and cooling, effective insulation time

中图分类号:

X936

吴芳华, 施式亮, 鲁义, 谷旺鑫, 谭嘉乐, 刘蔚廷. 磷石膏基自产气膨胀浆体防灭火性能研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(3): 148-154.

WU Fanghua, SHI Shiliang, LU Yi, GU Wangxin, TAN Jiale, LIU Weiting. Fire prevention and extinguishing performance of phosphogypsum based self-produced gas expansion slurry[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(3): 148-154.

图/表 10

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表1

图7

图8

图9

参考文献 20

[1]	赵真诚. 矿用温敏膨胀凝胶材料及其防灭火特性研究[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2023.5.
	ZHAO Zhencheng. Study on mine thermosensitive expansion gel material and its fire prevention and extinguishing characteristics[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2023.5.
[2]	邢舜博, 鲁义, 邵淑珍, 等. 防治煤自燃与瓦斯复合灾害的膏体速凝固结材料研制[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2023, 19(12):23-30.
	XING Shunbo, LU Yi, SHAO Shuzhen, et al. Development of paste rapid setting and solidifying material for preventing and controlling compound disaster of coal spontaneous combustion and gas[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2023, 19(12): 23-30.
[3]	谢和平, 王金华, 王国法, 等. 煤炭革命新理念与煤炭科技发展构想[J]. 煤炭学报, 2018, 43(5):1187-1197.
	XIE Heping, WANG Jinhua, WANG Guofa, et al. New ideas of coal revolution and layout of coal science and technology development[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2018, 43(5): 1187-1197.
[4]	史全林, 杨红旗, 李洪彪. 成膜型胶体泡沫的制备及灭火降温特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(10):121-126. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.10.2201
	SHI Quanlin, YANG Hongqi, LI Hongbiao. Research on preparation of film-forming colloidal foam and its fire extinguishing and cooling characteristics[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(10): 121-126. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.10.2201
[5]	聂士斌, 邢时超, 韩超, 等. 防治煤矿火灾的凝胶材料制备及其性能研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(9):115-120.
	NIE Shibin, XING Shichao, HAN Chao, et al. Preparation and properties of gel materials for coal mine fire prevention[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(9): 115-120.
[6]	王涛, 鲁义, 施式亮, 等. 漏风裂隙内无机固化泡沫浆液扩散特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(10):24-30. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.10.005
	WANG Tao, LU Yi, SHI Shiliang, et al. Research on diffusion properties of inorganic solidified foam slurry in air leakage fracture[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(10): 24-30. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.10.005
[7]	鲁义, 陈健, 邵淑珍, 等. 再生顶板煤自燃漏风裂隙控制机理[J]. 煤炭学报, 2023, 48(2):795-805.
	LU Yi, CHEN Jian, SHAO Shuzhen, et al. Control mechanism of air leakage cracks at regenerated roof with coal spontaneous combustion[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2023, 48(2): 795-805.
[8]	许延辉, 金永飞, 李海涛, 等. 浅埋煤层近距离采空区隐蔽火源探测及控制技术[J]. 煤矿安全, 2014, 45(9):144-147.
	XU Yanhui, JIN Yongfei, LI Haitao, et al. Hidden fire detection and control technology in shallow distance seam group gob[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2014, 45(9): 144-147.
[9]	张嬿妮, 舒盼, 刘春辉, 等. 乙二胺四乙酸微胶囊阻化煤自燃性能研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2022, 50(8):108-117.
	ZHANG Yanni, SHU Pan, LIU Chunhui, et al. Study on inhibition of coal spontaneous combustion by ethylenedia mine tetraacetic acid microcapsule[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2022, 50(8): 108-117.
[10]	LU Yi, LIU Yilun, SHI Shiliang, et al. Micro-particles stabilized aqueous foam for coal spontaneous combustion control and its flow characteristics[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2020, 139: 262-272. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.04.017
[11]	沈一丁. 防治煤自燃高效泡沫灭火剂的实验研究[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2019.
	SHEN Yiding. Experiment study on the high efficient foam extinguishing agent for coal spontaneous combustion[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2019.
[12]	鲁义, 秦波涛, 王海桥, 等. 封堵高温裂隙的水泥基泡沫流体耐热性研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2017, 36(5):1499-1504,1517.
	LU Yi, QIN Botao, WANG Haiqiao, et al. Heat resistance of foam cement fluid for sealing high temperature fracture[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2017, 36(5): 1499-1504, 1517.
[13]	杨波, 陈宝义, 艾兴, 等. 基液黏度对矿用水基泡沫起泡性能和稳定性的影响研究[J]. 煤矿安全, 2018, 49(10):34-36,40.
	YANG Bo, CHEN Baoyi, AI Xing, et al. Effect of base fluid viscosity on foaming performance and stability of mine-used water base foam[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2018, 49(10): 34-36, 40.
[14]	边云朋, 张雷林. 纳米氢氧化铝三相泡沫制备研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2021, 17(9):59-65.
	BIAN Yunpeng, ZHANG Leilin. Study on preparation of nano aluminum hydroxide three-phase foam[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2021, 17(9): 59-65.
[15]	XUE Di, HU Xiangming, LIANG Yuntao, et al. A study on the characteristics of a novel inorganic solidified foam for the prevention and control of the spontaneous combustion of coal[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2022, 347: DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128516.
[16]	靳磊. 无机固化泡沫防灭火材料及特性研究[D]. 北京: 煤炭科学研究总院, 2020.
	JIN Lei. Study on inorganic solidified foamfire-fighting materials and properties[D]. Beijing: China Coal Research Institute, 2020.
[17]	鲁义. 防治煤炭自燃的无机固化泡沫及特性研究[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2016.
	LU Yi. Study on the inorganic solidified foam and its characteristics for preventing and controlling spontaneous combustion of coal[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2016.
[18]	胡相明, 王凯, 薛迪, 等. 防治煤自燃的高堆积固化泡沫的制备及应用研究[J/OL]. 煤炭科学技术:1-12.[2023-11-13]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2402.TD.20231110.1132.001.html.
	HU Xiangming, WANG Kai, XUE Di, et al. Study on preparation and application of high accumulation solidified foam for preventing coal spontaneous combustion[J/OL]. Coal Science and Technology: 1-12. [2023-11-13]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2402.TD.20231110.1132.001.html.
[19]	金永飞, 晏立, 张典, 等. 矿用防灭火发泡水泥固化充填材料优化配比研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2020, 20(5):1743-1751.
	JIN Yongfei, YAN Li, ZHANG Dian, et al. On proportionality optimization of curing filling for mining fire extinguishing foamed cement material[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2020, 20(5): 1743-1751.
[20]	马砺, 杜素, 张照允, 等. 采空区大掺量粉煤灰无机固化泡沫制备及特性研究[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2023, 51(2):243-251.
	MA Li, DU Su, ZHANG Zhaoyun, et al. Preparation and characteristics of inorganic curing foam with large-volume fly ash in goaf[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2023, 51(2): 243-251.

厚度/mm	200 ℃	300 ℃	400 ℃	500 ℃
10	36.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
20	139.0	8.5	7.0	6.5
30	—	20.0	17.0	11.0
40	—	30.0	22.0	18.0
50	—	36.5	27.0	18.0