中国安全科学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 121-126.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.07.1600

• 安全工程技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

低压环境下固液混合燃料爆炸特性研究

姚箭1(), 白春华2, 张弛2   

  1. 1 南京理工大学 机械工程学院,江苏南京 210094
    2 北京理工大学 爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-10 修回日期:2023-05-08 出版日期:2023-07-28
  • 作者简介:

    姚箭 (1991—),男,江苏南通人,博士,讲师,主要从事含能材料、多相爆轰、防火防爆等方面的研究。E-mail:

    白春华,教授

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(12102197)

Study on explosion characteristics of solid-liquid mixed fuels in low pressure environment

YAO Jian1(), BAI Chunhua2, ZHANG Chi2   

  1. 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing Jiangsu 210094, China
    2 State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2023-02-10 Revised:2023-05-08 Published:2023-07-28

摘要:

为研究高原低压环境下固液混合燃料的燃爆特性及反应机制,利用20 L爆炸球测试系统,以铝粉-乙醚和铝粉-乙醚-硝基甲烷2种固液混合燃料为研究对象,开展环境初始压力对爆炸峰值压力、爆炸质量浓度下限及爆炸产物的影响趋势研究。研究表明:2种固液混合燃料的最佳爆炸质量浓度、爆炸压力和爆炸危险性随环境压力的降低而降低;与零海拔相比,在模拟海拔 4 500 m 处(57.4 kPa),450 g/m3固液混合燃料的爆炸压力降低了26.84% ~ 30.80%,爆炸质量浓度下限提高了5 ~ 10 g/m3;随着环境压力降低,爆炸气体产物一氧化碳(CO)体积分数增加,二氧化碳(CO2)、一氧化氮(NO)和二氧化氮(NO2)体积分数降低;爆炸固体残余物主要为α-氧化铝(α-Al2O3)和铝(Al)。

关键词: 环境压力, 固液混合燃料, 爆炸特性, 铝粉, 爆炸质量浓度下限

Abstract:

In order to study the combustion and explosion characteristics and reaction mechanism of solid-liquid mixed fuels under low pressure environment in plateau, two kinds of solid-liquid mixed fuels, aluminum powder-ether and aluminum powder-ether-nitromethane, were taken as the research objects by using 20 L explosion ball test system. The influence of initial pressure on explosion peak pressure, lower explosion mass concentration limit and explosion products was studied. The results show that the optimal explosion mass concentration, explosion pressure and explosion risk of the two solid-liquid mixed fuels decrease with the decrease of environmental pressure. Compared with the altitude of 0 m, at the simulated altitude of 4 500 m (57.4 kPa), the explosion pressure of 450 g/m3 solid-liquid mixed fuel decreased by 26.84%-30.80%, and the lower explosion mass concentration limit increased by 5-10 g/m3. As the ambient pressure decreases, the volume fraction of CO increases, while the volume fractions of CO2, NO and NO2 decrease. The explosive solid residues are mainly α-Al2O3 and Al.

Key words: ambient pressure, solid-liquid mixed fuels, explosion characteristics, Al powder, lower explosion mass concentration limit