多层网络视角下地铁网络脆弱性分析

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.0098

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评估车站失效对地铁网络结构和服务质量的影响以及探究多层地铁网络面对不同攻击策略下的脆弱性,考虑地铁网络中不同线路的特征差异、不同线路和换乘通道之间的异质性,选择列车区间运行时间、列车到站停车时间、乘客换乘步行时间和乘客候车等待时间作为时间边权的计算依据,从多层网络视角构建多层有向时间加权的地铁网络模型;提出层间车站和层内车站的2次负载分配机制和兼顾网络结构和功能的脆弱性综合评估指标;根据车站重要度,分别采用依次攻击单个车站和同时攻击多个车站的攻击策略来分析多层地铁网络的脆弱性,并以2021年西安市地铁网络为例进行实例分析。研究结果表明:与单层地铁网络模型相比,考虑换乘车站之间的换乘通道、不同换乘车站异质性的多层有向时间加权地铁网络模型更符合实际;在依次攻击单个车站的策略中,车站的容量调节参数a和b的最优值分别为0.3和0.8;与依次攻击单个车站的策略相比,同时攻击多个车站导致网络的脆弱性更差。

关键词: 多层地铁网络, 网络脆弱性, 负载分配, 级联失效, 网络综合效率损失率, 攻击策略

Abstract:

In order to assess the impact of station failure on metro network structure and service quality and to study the vulnerability of multi-layer network under different attack strategies, considering the characteristics of different lines and heterogeneity among different lines and transfer channels, a multi-layer directed time-weighted metro network model was constructed from the perspective of multi-layer network. The time-weighted edge was calculated by the train interval running time, train stopping time at stations, passenger transfer walking time and passenger waiting time for trains. A double load distribution mechanism of inter-layer and intra-layer stations was proposed, and a comprehensive vulnerability assessment index was proposed. Based on station importance, sequential and simultaneous attack strategies were used to assess the vulnerability of metro network after station failure. Finally, the Xi'an metro network in 2021 was taken as an example to verify the validity. The results show that the multi-layer metro network model is more practical than the single-layer metro network. In the sequential attack strategy, the optimal values of station capacity adjusted parameters a and b are 0.3 and 0.8, respectively. Compared with the strategy of attacking a single station sequentially, simultaneously attacking strategy leads to worse network vulnerabilities.

Key words: multi-layer metro network, network vulnerability, load distribution, cascading failure, loss rate of network comprehensive efficiency, attack strategies

马壮林, 邵逸恒, 舒兰, 阴一凡, 李浩强. 多层网络视角下地铁网络脆弱性分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(8): 164-172.

MA Zhuanglin, SHAO Yiheng, SHU Lan, YIN Yifan, LI Haoqiang. Vulnerability analysis of metro network from perspective of multi-layer network[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(8): 164-172.

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拓扑性基本指标	单层地铁网络		多层地铁网络
拓扑性基本指标	拓扑网络	加权网络	拓扑网络	加权网络
网络节点数	159	159	174	174
网络边数	166	166	182	182
网络直径	48	121	51	129.50
平均路径长度	15.79	39.16	16.83	43.55
聚类系数	0	0	0.004 8	0.022 2

序号	车站名称	所属线路	初始负载	容量
1	半坡站	1号线	3 116	4 833
2	通化门站	1号线	1 882	2 944
3	北大街站	2号线	2 888	3 454
4	永宁门站	2号线	3 904	5 807
5	咸宁门	3号线	1 670	3 925
6	含元殿站	4号线	1 673	2 443
7	西北工业大学站	5号线	1 534	2 050
8	丈八四路站	6号线	1 061	1 262
9	西花园站	9号线	561	937
10	港务大道站	14号线	664	937

序号	车站名称	所属线路	客流量	度中心性	介数中心性	紧密度中心性	重要度结果
1	北大街站	2号线	5 776.5	0.017 3	0.449 7	0.034 8	1.57
2	五路口站	1号线	4 432.5	0.017 3	0.524 3	0.034 4	1.39
3	北大街站	1号线	5 886.5	0.017 3	0.395 9	0.033 2	1.34
4	五路口站	4号线	4 432.5	0.017 3	0.466 5	0.035 1	1.26
5	小寨站	3号线	6 908	0.017 3	0.320 5	0.032 8	1.26
6	通化门站	1号线	3 764.5	0.017 3	0.519 0	0.032 0	1.08
7	南稍门站	2号线	3 249	0.017 3	0.516 3	0.033 4	0.97
8	小寨站	2号线	6 908	0.017 3	0.220 6	0.033 2	0.88
9	通化门站	3号线	3 764.5	0.017 3	0.409 7	0.031 5	0.84
10	钟楼站	2号线	5 690	0.011 6	0.305 6	0.034 5	0.69

权重	德尔菲法	熵权法	乘法合成归一化法
连通OD损失率	0.56	0.48	0.54
乘客出行效率损失率	0.44	0.52	0.46