风险社会下的社区韧性建设金字塔模型

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.09.0362

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为有效提升我国基层社区对风险的动态适应能力,引入社区韧性概念,研究社区韧性的建构模型与实践路径。首先,通过政策文本分析及田野调查,探讨我国社区韧性建设的三向度困境;然后,构建社区韧性建设的金字塔模型;最后,提出提升社区韧性的实践路径。研究结果表明:我国社区韧性建设存在政策引导力不足、建设目标模糊、建设意识缺乏的三向度困境;我国社区韧性建设可以围绕空间韧性、设施韧性、技术韧性、制度韧性、组织韧性和文化韧性6个维度开展实践。社区韧性提升的实践路径包括完善政策体系,加强资源投入;制定清晰目标,增强建设意识;设计评估体系,以评促建。

关键词: 风险社会, 社区韧性建设, 金字塔模型, 评估体系, 社区应急管理

Abstract:

In order to effectively improve the dynamic adaptability of grassroots communities in China to risks, the concept of community resilience was introduced, and the construction mode and practical path of community resilience was studied. Firstly, through the analysis of policy text and field investigation, the three-dimensional dilemma of community resilience construction in China was discussed. Then, the pyramid model of community resilience was constructed. Finally, a practical path to enhance community resilience was put forward. The research shows that there are three major dilemmas in the construction of community resilience in China: insufficient policy guidance, vague construction goals and lack of construction consciousness. The community resilience construction in China can be practiced in six dimensions: spatial resilience, facility resilience, technical resilience, institutional resilience, organizational resilience and cultural resilience. The practical ways to improve community resilience include improving policy system and strengthening resource input, making clear goals to enhance the construction consciousness, and designing evaluation system to promote construction.

Key words: risk society, community resilience construction, Pyramid model, evaluation system, community emergency management

许文文, 刘一靓. 风险社会下的社区韧性建设金字塔模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(9): 189-195.

XU Wenwen, LIU Yiliang. A pyramid model of community resilience construction in a risk society[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(9): 189-195.

图/表 2

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评估对象	一级指标	二级指标	三级指标
社区韧性	物理层	空间韧性	社区空间弹性
			社区入口空间防御力
			社区交通通畅度
			社区绿色空间系统
		设施韧性	灰色基础设施(道路、铺装、排水设施等)
			绿色基础设施(河、湖、池塘等水系以及绿地、花园、可渗透路面)
			关键设施(防灾设施、住房设施)
		技术韧性	社区电子政务系统
			社区物业监管系统
			社区智慧养老系统
			社区医疗卫生管理系统
			社区教育信息系统
	制度层	制度韧性	社区应急管理制度(应急预案、应急主体、应急物资、应急队伍等)
		制度韧性	社区自治能力(社区信息共享体系、社区自治组织、社区居民能力)
		组织韧性	政府的应急资源整合能力
			市场主体提供多样性、个性化服务
			社会组织资源
	理念层	文化韧性	社区应急文化
	理念层	文化韧性	社区共同体文化