矿震与冲击地压防治研究进展

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.0103

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

矿震与冲击地压是采矿领域亟待解决的热点、难点和瓶颈问题,为了有效控制矿震与冲击地压,综述矿震定义与分类、矿压假说及矿震与冲击地压防治技术,回顾切顶卸压理论及其在中厚金矿采空区处理与卸压开采、中厚及以下煤矿沿空留巷中的应用,并比较其与110工法的差异。据此,给出矿震定义,指出矿震与冲击地压发生的条件类似,针对厚矿体开采提出深埋坚硬顶板控制爆破切槽放顶技术。研究表明:控制爆破切槽放顶技术仍然是未来矿震与冲击地压防治中释放并转移高地压的主要方法,它还可将深埋厚矿体的“砌体梁”简化成弹簧岩梁承载体系。

关键词: 矿震, 冲击地压, 切顶卸压理论, 弹簧岩梁承载, 地表沉陷

Abstract:

Mine tremors and rock bursts are hot, difficult, and bottleneck problems that need to be solved urgently in the mining field. In order to effectively control mine tremors and rock bursts, the definition and classification of mine tremors, the hypothesis of mine pressure and the prevention and control technologies of mine tremors and rock bursts were summarized. And the theory of roof-cutting and pressure-relief was reviewed. Then, its application in abandoned stope disposal and pressure unloading mining of medium-thick gold mines and gob-side entry retaining laneway of medium-thick and below coal mines were introduced, and its difference with 110 working method was compared. Based on this, the definition of mine tremors was given, and it was pointed out that the occurrence conditions of mine tremors are similar to those of rock bursts. Therefore, the controlled blasting and groove caving technology of a deep-buried hard roof plate was put forward for thick ore body mining. The summary shows that the technology of controlled blasting groove caving is still the main method to release and transfer high underground pressure in the prevention and control of mine tremors and rock bursts in the future, it can also simplify the "masonry beam" of deep-buried thick orebody into a spring rock beam bearing system.

Key words: mine tremors, rock burst, theory of roof-cutting and pressure-relief, spring rock beam bearing, surface subsidence

中图分类号:

X936

李俊平, 管婷婷, 冯嘉禹, 王海泉. 矿震与冲击地压防治研究进展[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(1): 85-93.

LI Junping, GUAN Tingting, FENG Jiayu, WANG Haiquan. Research progress on prevention and control of mine earthquake and rock burst[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(1): 85-93.

图/表 4

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