滚装船载运的锂电池汽车仿真模拟研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.09.1864

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为应对船舶运输中锂电池汽车火灾带来的严重后果,构建滚装船甲板上的锂电池汽车火灾仿真模型。首先,利用锂电池汽车全尺寸火灾试验数据,验证单辆和双辆锂电池汽车火灾仿真模型准确性。随后,应用经验证的仿真模型对滚装船甲板上的锂电池汽车火灾模拟仿真,分析不同车辆间距下火灾热释放速率、温度和辐射热等变化特征。结果表明:在锂电池汽车火灾初期,火焰会先蔓延至并排停放的车辆,特别是受到喷射火影响的一侧车辆,然后再扩展至前后两侧的车辆,且前方车辆遭受的火灾损毁程度明显大于后方车辆。同时,喷射火会加剧锂电池汽车火灾的蔓延和发展,有喷射火区域的温度显著高于无喷射火区域,而受到喷射火影响的邻近车辆则最先被引燃。通过数值仿真手段可有效模拟船舶载运锂电池汽车火灾发展及蔓延过程。

关键词: 滚装船, 锂电池汽车, 汽车火灾, 仿真模型, 喷射火

Abstract:

In order to address the severe consequences of lithium battery vehicle fires during ship transportation, a vehicle fire simulation model of a ro-ro ship deck lithium battery was constructed. Firstly, the accuracy of the fire simulation model of single and dual lithium battery vehicles was verified by using the full-scale fire experiment data of lithium battery vehicles. Then, the verified simulation model was applied to simulate the fire of a lithium battery vehicle on the deck of a ro-ro ship, and the variation rules of fire heat release rate, temperature and radiant heat under different vehicle spacing were analyzed. The results show that in the initial stage of the lithium battery vehicle fire, the flame first spreads to the side-parked vehicles, especially the side of the vehicle affected by the jet fire, and then expands to the front and rear vehicles. The front vehicle suffers significantly more fire damage than the rear vehicle. At the same time, jet fire aggravates the spread and development of lithium battery vehicle fires. The temperature of the area with jet fire is significantly higher than that of the area without jet fire, and the adjacent vehicles affected by jet fire are ignited first. The numerical simulation method can effectively simulate the fire development and spreading process of the vehicle carrying lithium battery on a ship.

Key words: roll-on/roll-off ships, lithium battery vehicles, vehicle fire, simulation model, jet flame

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

王彦富, 张浩然, 乔健, 熊梓迅, 邹丽. 滚装船载运的锂电池汽车仿真模拟研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(9): 107-113.

WANG Yanfu, ZHANG Haoran, QIAO Jian, XIONG Zixun, ZOU Li. Simulation study on lithium battery vehicles transported by roll on/roll off ships[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(9): 107-113.

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参考文献 13

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名称	主要物质	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	导热系数/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	比热容/ (kJ·kg^-1·K^-1)	材质燃点/℃	热值/ (MJ·kg^-1)
车辆轮胎	天然橡胶	1 200.00	0.15	2.01	360.00	44.71
车辆外壳	ABS树脂	1 100.00	0.25	1.47	300.00	35.25
车辆玻璃	二氧化硅	2 500.00	0.76	0.84	不可燃	无
电动机	铝合金	2 630.00	238.00	0.90	不可燃	无
车辆底盘	钢	7 850.00	1.70	0.05	不可燃	无
车辆内饰	塑料泡沫	28.00	12.03	1.02	默认参数	默认参数
锂电池	锰酸锂	3 900.00	0.46	45.80	130.00	42.99

蔓延时间	试验时间	模拟时间	时间差
邻车被点燃	179	198	19
初始车全车起火	574	585	11
邻车全车起火	1 207	1 200	7

火灾场景	车辆左右间距	车辆前后间距
场景1	0.3	0.3
场景2	0.5	0.5
场景3	0.5	0.7

场景	辐射热探测器名称	被引燃时间/ s
场景1	R00	147
	R01	204
	R02	171
	R03	417
	R04	444
	R05	435
	R06	480
	R07	471
	R08	453
场景2	R00	135
	R01	251
	R02	225
	R03	446
	R04	477
	R05	540
	R06	546
	R07	552
	R08	506
场景3	R00	126
	R01	285
	R02	258
	R03	501
	R04	567
	R05	602
	R06	579
	R07	603
	R08	538

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