新形势下海洋核安全演进及评估技术

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.05.0463

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 82-90.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.05.0463

新形势下海洋核安全演进及评估技术

林武辉¹(), 杜金秋², 拓飞³^,^**(), 曹少飞⁴, 王一潼⁵, 胡王江⁶

¹ 集美大学港口与海岸工程学院,福建厦门 361021
² 国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连 116023
³ 中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所,北京 100088
⁴ 中国辐射防护研究院,山西太原 030006
⁵ 广西大学海洋学院,广西南宁 530004
⁶ 国防科技大学气象海洋学院,湖南长沙 410073

收稿日期:2025-01-11 修回日期:2025-03-14 出版日期:2025-05-28
通信作者:
^** 拓飞(1980—),男,甘肃庆阳人,博士,研究员,主要从事γ能谱分析、食品和环境放射性监测等应用方面的研究。E-mail: flytuo@163.com。

作者简介:

林武辉 (1987—),男,福建泉州人,博士,教授,主要从事海洋过程的同位素示踪、海洋/大气放射性观测技术与核安全评估、海洋核安全等研究。E-mail: linwuhui8@163.com。

林武辉, 教授

杜金秋, 副研究员

拓飞, 研究员

曹少飞, 副研究员

胡王江, 讲师

基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(42276044); 广西自然科学基金资助(2024GXNSFAA010449); 中国辐射防护研究院平台开放基金资助(ZFYHHJMN-2024003); 福建省环保科技计划项目(2025R004)

Evolution and assessment techniques of marine nuclear safety under new situation

LIN Wuhui¹(), DU Jinqiu², TUO Fei³^,^**(), CAO Shaofei⁴, WANG Yitong⁵, HU Wangjiang⁶

¹ College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen Fujian 361021, China
² National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian Liaoning 116023, China
³ National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
⁴ China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan Shanxi 030006, China
⁵ School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi 530004, China
⁶ School of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha Hunan 410073, China

Received:2025-01-11 Revised:2025-03-14 Published:2025-05-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为保护人类健康、海洋环境及生物的辐射安全、维护海洋生物多样性和生态服务功能,通过系统梳理安全、海洋安全、核安全到海洋核安全的概念演进及内涵范畴;提出不同人为源项的放射性核素泄漏入海后本底基线法、活度限值法、剂量限值法和辐射风险法等4种评估方法的优缺点和适用条件,以构建适用于我国管理需求的海洋核安全评估技术体系;从“大食物观”视野下海产品中核素溯源-富集-传递及核安全评估、海洋生物辐射剂量评估与保护、生态系统视角下放射性核素驱动多种污染物协同效应3个关键领域出发,探讨未来海洋核安全评估保障技术的发展和建议。总之,系统考究并提出海洋核安全概念与内涵范畴及目的,探索4种评估方法的优势与适用场景以满足核安全管理体系的多层次综合需求,在未来气候变化和人类活动背景下提炼3个关键领域有望保障海洋核安全评估技术高质量发展。

关键词: 海洋核安全, 评估技术, 放射性核素, 福岛核污染水, 海产品, 核电站

Abstract:

In order to constrain the definition and scope of marine nuclear safety and to ultimately support the comprehensive objectives of protecting human health, guaranteeing radiation safety for the marine environment and organisms, and maintaining marine biodiversity and ecological service functions, the evolving concepts from safety, marine safety, and nuclear safety, to marine nuclear safety were comprehensively tracked. Assessing techniques of marine nuclear safety including background baseline method, activity limit method, dose limit method, and radiation risk method were established to evaluate the discharging of a.pngicial radionuclides into the ocean. To protect human health and ecological and environmental safety, priority directions including source ide.pngication, bioconcentration, and transfer of radionuclides and their associated nuclear safety assessment in seafood based on "Big Food Concept", assessment of radiation dose on marine biotas and protection, and radionuclides-driven synergistic effects of multiple pollutants were proposed and suggested for the future development of marine nuclear safety. In summary, this study systematically examines the conceptual framework and scope of marine nuclear safety, evaluates the advantages and applicability of four assessment methodologies to address multi-level nuclear safety management needs, and ide.pngies three key research directions to advance the high-quality development of marine nuclear safety assessment technologies in the context of climate change and human activity.

Key words: marine nuclear safety, assessment techniques, radionuclide, Fukushima-contaminated water, seafood, nuclear power plant

中图分类号:

林武辉, 杜金秋, 拓飞, 曹少飞, 王一潼, 胡王江. 新形势下海洋核安全演进及评估技术[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(5): 82-90.

LIN Wuhui, DU Jinqiu, TUO Fei, CAO Shaofei, WANG Yitong, HU Wangjiang. Evolution and assessment techniques of marine nuclear safety under new situation[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(5): 82-90.

图/表 1

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新形势下海洋核安全演进及评估技术

Evolution and assessment techniques of marine nuclear safety under new situation

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