中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 37-41.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.06.1414

• 安全社会科学与安全管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于事故树分析的重大事故隐患评判方法

袁凡雨1(), 米琴2,**(), 陈杰3, 校康明4   

  1. 1 四川安信科创科技有限公司,四川 成都 610046
    2 四川省安科技术咨询有限公司,四川 成都 610046
    3 中国融通医疗健康集团有限公司,四川 成都 610218
    4 上海化工研究院有限公司,上海 200062
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-16 修回日期:2025-04-17 出版日期:2025-06-28
  • 通信作者:
    ** 米琴(1991—),女,四川巴中人,硕士,工程师,主要从事工贸安全生产管理方面的工作。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    袁凡雨 (1984—),男,四川南充人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事企业安全生产管理及事故预防研究等工作。E-mail:

    陈杰, 工程师。

    校康明, 高级工程师。

Evaluation method for major accident hazards based on accident tree analysis

YUAN Fanyu1(), MI Qin2,**(), CHEN Jie3, XIAO Kangming4   

  1. 1 Sichuan Anxin Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu Sichuan 610046, China
    2 Sichuan Anke Technology Consulting Co., Ltd., Chengdu Sichuan 610046, China
    3 China Rong Tong Medical and Healthcare Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu Sichuan 610218, China
    4 Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200062, China
  • Received:2025-02-16 Revised:2025-04-17 Published:2025-06-28

摘要:

为提高重大事故隐患判定标准的精准性,提出一种基于事故树分析(ATA)的重大事故隐患评判方法,该方法通过系统运用风险矩阵和事故树分析等评价工具,通过事故风险分级确定高风险以上事故,以此作为顶上事件进行ATA,运用布尔代数规则简化事故树,从而获得诱发事故发生的各基本事件的结构重要度排序;按照“二八定律”找出结构重要度最高的前20%的基本事件,以此确定可导致事故发生的核心事件,并作为重大事故隐患进行精准管控;通过高层建筑火灾进行实例验证。结果表明:通过ATA,火灾自动报警系统失效在高层建筑火灾事故树中结构重要度最高,应判定为高层建筑重大火灾事故隐患条款,故基于ATA的重大事故隐患评判方法可有效确定重大事故隐患判定内容。

关键词: 事故树分析(ATA), 重大事故隐患, 评判方法, 事故风险分级, 高层建筑火灾

Abstract:

In order to enhance the precision of the criteria for identifying major accident hazards, an evaluation method for major accident hazards based on ATA was proposed. This method systematically applied evaluation tools such as the risk matrix and accident tree analysis to determine high-risk and above accidents through accident risk classification and used as the top event for ATA. The accident tree was simplified using Boolean algebra rules to obtain the ranking of the structural importance of each basic event that could induce the accident. According to the "80/20 Rule", the top 20% of basic events with the highest structural importance were identified to determine the core events that could lead to the accident, which were then regarded as major accident hazards for precise control. A case study on high-rise building fires was conducted for validation. The results demonstrate that the failure of the automatic fire alarm system has the highest structural importance in the fire accident tree of high-rise buildings through ATA. It should be judged as a major fire hazard clause of high-rise buildings. Therefore, the evaluation method for major accident hazards based on accident tree analysis can effectively determine the criteria for identifying major accident hazards.

Key words: accident tree analysis(ATA), major accident hazards, evaluation method, accident risk classification, high-rise building fires

中图分类号: