煤基固废对巷道路面混凝土性能的影响与安全调控研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S1.0013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为控制矿井下巷道路面建设成本并实现大宗煤基固废的近原位高值化利用,开发了以粉煤灰和煤矸石分别等质量取代水泥和天然碎石骨料的巷道路面混凝土材料。首先,通过坍落度试验评估新拌混凝土的工作性能;然后,采用抗压强度、抗折强度试验及干燥收缩测试研究硬化混凝土的力学性能与体积稳定性;最后,利用核磁共振技术分析混凝土内部的孔隙结构特征。结果表明:煤矸石掺量超过40%显著降低坍落度,适量粉煤灰可改善流动性但部分强度下降;10%粉煤灰可增强混凝土密实度,而20%掺量则恶化孔结构;核磁共振结果揭示了粉煤灰掺量对微观孔隙的显著影响;煤矸石增加了干燥收缩,但粉煤灰与适量三乙醇胺(TEA)(最佳掺量0.03%)能有效优化其抗干燥收缩性能。

关键词: 煤矸石, 粉煤灰, 核磁共振(NMR), 力学性能, 干燥收缩

Abstract:

In order to control the construction cost of roadway pavement in the mine and realize the near-in-situ high-value utilization of bulk coal-based solid waste, the concrete material of roadway pavement with fly ash and coal gangue to replace cement and natural gravel aggregate of equal quality was developed in this study. Firstly, the working performance of the freshly mixed concrete was evaluated by the slump experiment. Then, the mechanical properties and volume stability of hardened concrete were studied by compressive strength, flexural strength, and drying shrinkage tests. Finally, the pore structure characteristics of the concrete were analyzed by NMR technology. The experimental results show that the slump is significantly reduced when the coal gangue content exceeds 40%, and the appropriate amount of fly ash can improve the fluidity, but part of the strength decreases. 10% fly ash can enhance the compactness of concrete, while 20% content will deteriorate the pore structure. The NMR results reveal the significant effect of fly ash content on micropores. Coal gangue increases drying shrinkage, but fly ash and an appropriate amount of triethanolamine (TEA) (the optimal content is 0.03%) can effectively optimize its drying shrinkage resistance.

Key words: coal gangue, fly ash, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mechanical property, drying shrinkage

中图分类号:

X936

宋亚新, 陈凯, 于明生, 刘龙, 张子龙, 刘春江. 煤基固废对巷道路面混凝土性能的影响与安全调控研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(S1): 78-85.

SONG Yaxin, CHEN Kai, YU Mingsheng, LIU Long, ZHANG Zilong, LIU Chunjiang. Influence and safety regulation of coal-based solid waste on performance of concrete in roadway pavement[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(S1): 78-85.

图/表 10

表1

表2

表3

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 20

[1]	谢和平, 吴立新, 郑德志. 2025年中国能源消费及煤炭需求预测[J]. 煤炭学报, 2019, 44(7):1 949-1 960.
	XIE Heping, WU Lixin, ZHENG Dezhi. Prediction on the energy consumption and coal demand of China in 2025[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2019, 44(7): 1 949-1 960.
[2]	武强, 涂坤, 曾一凡, 等. 打造我国主体能源(煤炭)升级版面临的主要问题与对策探讨[J]. 煤炭学报, 2019, 44(6):1 625-1 636.
	WU Qiang, TU Kun, ZENG Yifan, et al. Discussion on the main problems and countermeasures for building an upgrade version of main energy (coal) industry in China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2019, 44(6): 1 625-1 636.
[3]	TIAN Yang, YANG Xue, YANG Juan, et al. Evolution dynamic of intelligent construction strategy of coal mine enterprises in China[J]. Heliyon, 2022, 8(10): DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10933.
[4]	张海磊, 焦满岱, 郭生茂, 等. 井下铲运机路面受力分析与强度设计研究[J]. 中国矿业, 2019, 28(增2):469-473.
	ZHANG Hailei, JIAO Mandai, GUO Shengmao, et al. Research on pavement stress analysis and strength design of underground scraper[J]. China's mining industry, 2019, 28(S2):469-473.
[5]	张永良, 郑大为. NRS下多证据融合的混凝土桥梁耐久性评估模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(1):169-176. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.01.0234
	ZHANG Yongliang, ZHENG Dawei. Durability assessment model of concrete bridge based on multi-evidence fusion under NRS[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(1):169-176. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.01.0234
[6]	杜炜平, 鲍勇峰, 付毅. 金属矿山井下铲运机路面新型铺设材料研究[J]. 矿冶工程, 1999(3):19-21.
	DU Weiping, BAO Yongfeng, FU Yi. Research on new paving materials for underground scraper pavement in metal mine[J]. Mining and Metallurgy Engineering, 1999(3):19-21.
[7]	胡昌斌, 孙增华, 王丽娟. 水泥混凝土路面早龄期应力行为试验研究[J]. 工程力学, 2021, 38(6):163-174.
	HU Changbin, SUN Zenghua, WANG Lijuan. Experimental study on stress behavior of cement concrete pavement at early age[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2021, 38(6):163-174.
[8]	WANG Wei, CUI Xinchao, QI Yun, et al. Prediction model of coal seam gas content based on kernel principal component analysis & IDBO-DHKELM[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2024, 35(11): DOI:10.1088/1361-6501/ad6923.
[9]	许振玉, 张学朋, 李宁博, 等. 基于FRP-PCM加固的既有病害隧道加固性能评价[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(5):186-194. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.05.1523
	XU Zhenyu, ZHANG Xuepeng, LI Ningbo, et al. Performance assessment of diseased tunnels based on FRP-PCM reinforcement[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(5):186-194. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.05.1523
[10]	LIU Xianghong. Low-carbon utilization of coal gangue under the carbon neutralization strategy: a short review[J]. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2023, 25(4): 1 978-1 987.
[11]	DAS D, ROUT P K. A review of coal fly ash utilization to save the environment[J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2023, 234(2): DOI:10.1007/s11270-023-06143-9.
[12]	任亚伟, 蔡燕霞, 刘逢涛. 电石渣、粉煤灰稳定煤矸石基层混合料性能试验研究[J]. 公路工程, 2023, 48(1):74-78,97.
	REN Yawei, CAI Yanxia, LIU Fengtao. Experimental study on stabilization performance of coal gangue base mixture with calcium carbide slag and fly ash[J]. Highway Engineering, 2023, 48(1):74-78,97.
[13]	贺雄飞, 陈亚豪, 张新东, 等. 超细粉煤灰形态对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)性能和结构的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2024, 38(增1): 257-261.
	HE Xiongfei, CHEN Yahao, ZHANG Xindong, et al. Effect of ultrafine fly ash morphology on properties and structure of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC)[J]. Materials Review, 2018, 38(S1):257-261.
[14]	翟思敏, 黄金霞. 建筑用不同取代率粉煤灰再生混凝土的力学性能及耐久性能研究[J]. 功能材料, 2024, 55(4):4 121-4 126.
	ZHAI Simin, HUANG Jinxia. Study on mechanical properties and durability of recycled concrete with fly ash of different substitution rates for construction[J]. Journal of Functional Materials, 2018, 55(4): 4 121-4 126.
[15]	BIELIATYNSKYI A, YANG S, KRAYUSHKINA K, et al. Study of the possibility of using sulfur asphalt and sulfur concrete in road construction[J]. Materials Science-Poland, 2023, 41(2): 244-262.
[16]	牛晓燕, 王海, 安明磊, 等. 煤矸石粗骨料对混凝土力学性能的影响[J]. 混凝土, 2023(1): 68-72.
	NIU Xiaoyan, WANG Hai, AN Minglei, et al. Effect of coarse coal gangue aggregate on mechanical properties of concrete[J]. Concrete, 2023(1):68-72.
[17]	李坤元, 刘佳亮. 磨料水射流多维参数对混凝土致裂性能影响特征[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(10):110-116. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.10.017
	LI Kunyuan, LIU Jialiang. Effects of multi-dimensional parameters of abrasive water jet on cracking concrete[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(10): 110-116. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.10.017
[18]	祁云, 薛凯隆, 李绪萍, 等. 多策略改进SSA优化KELM的边坡稳定性预测模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(3):92-98.
	QI Yun, XUE Kailong, LI Xuping, et al. Slope stability prediction model based on multi-strategy improved SSA for optimizing KELM[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(3):92-98. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0134
[19]	白国良, 刘瀚卿, 王建文, 等. 基于骨料特性差异的煤矸石混凝土干燥收缩模型[J]. 土木工程学报, 2023, 56(11): 27-42.
	BAI Guoliang, LIU Hanqing, WANG Jianwen, et al. Drying shrinkage model of coal gangue concrete based on aggregate characteristics difference[J]. Journal of Civil Engineering, 2023, 56(11): 27-42.
[20]	史懿, 龙广成, 贺炯煌, 等. 三乙醇胺对水泥-粉煤灰体系水化进程与强度的影响机制[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2020, 39(4): 1 077-1 084.
	SHI Yi, LONG Guangcheng, HE Jionghuang, et al. Effect mechanism of triethanolamine on hydration process and strength of cement-fly ash system[J]. Bulletin of Silicate, 2019, 39(4): 1 077-1 084.

比表面积/ (m²·kg^-1)	表观密度/ (kg·m^-3)	凝结时间/min		3 d强度/MPa		28 d强度/MPa
比表面积/ (m²·kg^-1)	表观密度/ (kg·m^-3)	初凝	终凝	抗压	抗折	抗压	抗折
378	3 110	246	317	25.2	5.2	46.7	8.6

成分/%	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	Fe₂O₃	MgO	SO₃	其他	烧失量
水泥	20.60	4.13	62.80	2.99	1.93	2.56	3.93	1.06
粉煤灰	63.18	11.46	6.21	5.24	1.62	1.16	3.04	8.09