阻塞效应对地下物流通道液氮灭火效能的影响

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.06.1095

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 170-177.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.06.1095

阻塞效应对地下物流通道液氮灭火效能的影响

李心如¹(), 张国维¹^,²^,^**(), 宁赵玉¹, 江黎明³, 褚天巍³

¹ 中国矿业大学安全工程学院, 江苏徐州 221116
² 中国矿业大学深圳研究院, 广东深圳 518000
³ 香港理工大学建筑环境及能源工程学系, 香港 999077

收稿日期:2026-01-14 修回日期:2026-03-23 出版日期:2026-06-28
通信作者:
^** 张国维(1987—),男,山东临沂人,博士,教授,主要从事城市火灾防护理论及城市应急救援技术方面的研究。E-mail: zgw119xz2@163.com。
作者简介:
李心如 (2002—),女,安徽淮北人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为城市地下火灾防护及锂电池燃爆。E-mail:TS23120029A31TM@cumt.edu.cn。
江黎明, 副教授
基金资助:
深圳市基础研究面上项目(JCYJ20220530164601004)

Influence of blockage effect on efficiency of liquid nitrogen fire suppression in underground logistics tunnels

Li Xinru¹(), Zhang Guowei¹^,²^,^**(), Ning Zhaoyu¹, Jiang Liming³, Chu Tianwei³

¹ School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, China
² Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518000, China
³ Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hongkong 999077, China

Received:2026-01-14 Revised:2026-03-23 Published:2026-06-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评估液氮在高阻塞比狭长受限环境中的灭火效能,并揭示阻塞效应的关键影响机制,以缩尺寸城市地下物流通道为场景,通过改变注氮距离与阻塞距离,开展液氮灭火试验,分析阻塞效应对灭火时间及扩散行为的影响特征。结果表明:在2个阻塞物之间注氮时,阻塞距离减小可形成更封闭空间,显著增强隔氧窒息效果;当距离火源中心1 m处注氮时,随着阻塞距离由6.3 m降低至2.3 m,灭火时间缩短23.1%。当在阻塞物背火面注氮时,液氮的灭火扩散路径受阻则会形成“阻塞-绕流-再汇合”现象,降低灭火效能。当距离火源中心3 m处注氮时,随着阻塞距离由4.3 m提高至6.3 m,灭火时间缩短25%,研究明确阻塞距离与注氮位置是影响液氮灭火效率的核心参数。

关键词: 阻塞效应, 地下物流通道, 液氮灭火, 灭火效能, 狭长受限空间

Abstract:

To evaluate the fire suppression performance of liquid nitrogen in a long-narrow confined space with a high blockage ratio and to reveal the key influence mechanism of the blockage effect, liquid nitrogen fire suppression experiments were conducted in a scaled-down urban underground logistics tunnel. The effects of blockage effect on fire suppression time and diffusion behavior of liquid nitrogen were investigated by varying the nitrogen injection distance and obstruction distance. The results show that when nitrogen is injected between two obstacles, a reduction in obstruction distance facilitates the formation of a more enclosed space, which significantly enhances the oxygen isolation and asphyxiation effect. When nitrogen is injected 1 m away from the fire source, reducing the obstruction distance from 6.3 m to 2.3 m shortens the fire suppression time by 23.1%. Conversely, when nitrogen is injected on the leeward side of an obstacle, the diffusion path is hindered, leading to a "blocking-detouring-rejoining" phenomenon that reduces fire suppression efficiency. In this configuration, with an injection distance of 3 m from the fire source, increasing the obstruction distance from 4.3 m to 6.3 m results in a 25% reduction in suppression time. It is concluded that the obstruction distance and nitrogen injection location are core parameters affecting the efficiency of liquid nitrogen fire suppression.

Key words: blockage effect, underground logistics tunnels, liquid nitrogen fire suppression, fire suppression efficiency, long-narrow confined space

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

李心如, 张国维, 宁赵玉, 江黎明, 褚天巍. 阻塞效应对地下物流通道液氮灭火效能的影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(6): 170-177.

Li Xinru, Zhang Guowei, Ning Zhaoyu, Jiang Liming, Chu Tianwei. Influence of blockage effect on efficiency of liquid nitrogen fire suppression in underground logistics tunnels[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(6): 170-177.

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工况编号	阻塞比	注氮距离/m	阻塞距离/m
C-1	0.5	1	2.3
C-2			4.3
C-3			6.3
C-4		2	2.3
C-5			4.3
C-6			6.3
C-7		3	2.3
C-8			4.3
C-9			6.3

阻塞效应对地下物流通道液氮灭火效能的影响

Influence of blockage effect on efficiency of liquid nitrogen fire suppression in underground logistics tunnels

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工况编号	阻塞比	注氮距离/m	阻塞距离/m
C-1	0.5	1	2.3
C-2			4.3
C-3			6.3
C-4		2	2.3
C-5			4.3
C-6			6.3
C-7		3	2.3
C-8			4.3
C-9			6.3

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工况编号	阻塞比	注氮距离/m	阻塞距离/m
C-1	0.5	1	2.3
C-2			4.3
C-3			6.3
C-4		2	2.3
C-5			4.3
C-6			6.3
C-7		3	2.3
C-8			4.3
C-9			6.3

工况编号	阻塞比	注氮距离/m	阻塞距离/m
C-1	0.5	1	2.3
C-2			4.3
C-3			6.3
C-4		2	2.3
C-5			4.3
C-6			6.3
C-7		3	2.3
C-8			4.3
C-9			6.3