气压和风速对狭长受限空间电缆火灾轰燃的影响

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.07.0562

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 75-81.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.07.0562

气压和风速对狭长受限空间电缆火灾轰燃的影响

安伟光¹^,²(), 薛晶云¹, 王涛¹, 雇孟彬¹, 王梦², 王喆¹^,^**()

¹ 中国矿业大学城市火灾防控江苏省高校重点实验室, 江苏徐州 221116
² 徐州高新区安全应急装备产业技术研究院, 江苏徐州 221116

收稿日期:2025-03-21 修回日期:2025-05-30 出版日期:2025-07-28
通信作者:
** 王喆(1988—),女,河南焦作人,硕士,实验师,主要从事城市火灾防控方面的研究。E-mail: wangzhe0391@163.com。
作者简介:

安伟光 (1986—),男,河北石家庄人,博士,教授,主要从事公共安全、消防工程、应急救援等方面的研究。E-mail: weiguang@cumt.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(52374244); 国家自然科学基金资助(51974298); 江苏省科技计划专项资金项目(BE2023049); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021ZDPYYQ004)

Influence of air pressure and ventilation speed on flashover of cable fire in long-narrow confined spaces

AN Weiguang¹^,²(), XUE Jingyun¹, WANG Tao¹, GU Mengbin¹, WANG Meng², WANG Zhe¹^,^**()

¹ Key Laboratory of Urban Fire Prevention and Control in Jiangsu Province, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, China
² Xuzhou Hi-Tech Zone Safety and Emergency Equipment Industrial Technology Research Institute, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, China

Received:2025-03-21 Revised:2025-05-30 Published:2025-07-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究高原环境下气压与通风风速对狭长受限空间电缆火灾轰燃临界条件的影响特征,基于量纲分析推导出轰燃临界顶棚温度与气压和通风风速的函数关系式;采用火灾动力学模拟软件(FDS),建立狭长受限空间电缆火灾模型,研究不同气压(101、90、77和65 kPa)和风速(0、0.5、1.0和1.5 m/s)条件下火灾发展过程中的轰燃临界温度值。结果表明:狭长受限空间电缆火灾的轰燃临界顶棚温度较高,在720.7~877.3 ℃范围内;轰燃临界顶棚温度与气压和通风风速之间呈幂函数关系,且随着气压和通风风速的增大而降低;该预测模型能够对自然通风和纵向通风2种场景下狭长受限空间电缆火灾的轰燃临界顶棚温度提供合理的预测,模型预测结果和数值模拟结果吻合良好。

关键词: 气压, 通风风速, 狭长受限空间, 电缆火灾, 轰燃, 临界顶棚温度

Abstract:

In order to investigate the influence of air pressure and ventilation speed on the flashover critical conditions of cable fires in long-narrow confined spaces under plateau environments, a functional equation between the flashover critical ceiling temperature and air pressure and ventilation speed was derived based on dimensional analysis. A cable fire model in a long-narrow confined space was established using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to study the critical flashover temperature during fire development under different air pressures (101, 90, 77, and 65 kPa) and ventilation speeds (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m/s). The results show that the flashover critical ceiling temperature of cable fires in long-narrow confined spaces is relatively high, ranging from 720.7 to 877.3 ℃. The flashover critical ceiling temperature follows a power-law relationship with air pressure and ventilation speed, while showing a decreasing trend with increasing pressure and ventilation speed. The established model provides reasonable predictions for the flashover critical ceiling temperature of cable fires in long-narrow confined spaces under both natural ventilation and longitudinal ventilation scenarios. The model prediction results agree well with the numerical simulation results.

Key words: air pressure, ventilation speed, long-narrow confined space, cable fire, flashover, flashover critical temperature

中图分类号:

X928.7火灾与爆炸事故

安伟光, 薛晶云, 王涛, 雇孟彬, 王梦, 王喆. 气压和风速对狭长受限空间电缆火灾轰燃的影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(7): 75-81.

AN Weiguang, XUE Jingyun, WANG Tao, GU Mengbin, WANG Meng, WANG Zhe. Influence of air pressure and ventilation speed on flashover of cable fire in long-narrow confined spaces[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(7): 75-81.

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编号	物理量	符号	单位	量纲
1	轰燃临界顶棚温度	t_c	℃	Θ
2	电缆热释放速率	$\stackrel{·}{Q}$	kW	L²MT^-3
3	环境温度	t₀	℃	Θ
4	空气密度	${\rho }_{\infty }$	kg/m³	ML^-3
5	定压比热容	c_p	kJ/(kg·℃)	L²T^-2Θ^-1
6	重力加速度	g	m/s²	LT^-2
7	狭长受限空间高度	H	m	L
8	通风风速	U_m	m/s	LT^-1
9	气压	P	kg /(m·s²)	ML^-1T^-2

通风风速/ (m·s^-1)	关系式	R²
0.0	$\begin{array}{l}{t}_{c2}^{}=\frac{{t}_{c}}{{t}_{0}}=58.618{\left(\frac{{\stackrel{·}{Q}}^{}P}{{\rho }_{\infty }gH}\right)}^{-0.108}=\\ 58.618{P}_{2}^{*-0.108}\end{array}$	0.94
0.5、1.0	$\begin{array}{l}{t}_{c1}^{}=\frac{{t}_{c}}{{t}_{0}{\stackrel{·}{Q}}^{}}=0.124{\left(\frac{{U}_{m}P}{{\rho }_{\infty }{g}^{3/2}{H}^{3/2}}\right)}^{-0.795}=\\ 0.124{P}_{1}^{*-0.795}\end{array}$	0.97
1.5	$\begin{array}{l}{t}_{c1}^{}=\frac{{T}_{c}}{{T}_{0}{\stackrel{·}{Q}}^{}}=0.286{\left(\frac{{U}_{m}P}{{\rho }_{\infty }{g}^{3/2}{H}^{3/2}}\right)}^{-0.861}=\\ 0.286{P}_{1}^{*-0.861}\end{array}$	0.99

气压和风速对狭长受限空间电缆火灾轰燃的影响

Influence of air pressure and ventilation speed on flashover of cable fire in long-narrow confined spaces

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