尺度及油水厚度对原油储罐沸溢行为的影响

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.09.1122

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 157-166.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.09.1122

尺度及油水厚度对原油储罐沸溢行为的影响

李樾杨¹^,²(), 李明泽¹^,², 荆琦¹^,², 李云涛¹^,²^,^**(), 栾国华³, 李鑫³

¹ 中国石油大学(北京) 安全与海洋工程学院, 北京 102249
² 油气生产安全与应急技术应急管理部重点实验室, 北京 102249
³ 中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院有限公司, 北京 102206

收稿日期:2026-04-05 修回日期:2026-06-15 出版日期:2026-10-20
通信作者:
^** 李云涛(1988—),男,陕西岐山人,博士,教授,主要从事油气泄漏扩散及火灾爆炸、危化品风险评估方面的研究。E-mail: liyt@cup.edu.cn。
作者简介:
李樾杨 (1998—),男,云南保山人,博士研究生,研究方向为储罐沸溢火灾机制。E-mail:2023310529@student.cup.edu.cn。
荆琦副教授；
栾国华高级工程师；
李鑫工程师
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(52374253)

Effects of scale and oil/water layer thickness on boilover behavior in crude oil storage tanks

Li Yueyang¹^,²(), Li Mingze¹^,², Jing Qi¹^,², Li Yuntao¹^,²^,^**(), Luan Guohua³, Li Xin³

¹ College of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
² Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Safety and Emergency Technology, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 102249, China
³ CNPC Research Institute of Safety & Environment Technology, Beijing 102206, China

Received:2026-04-05 Revised:2026-06-15 Published:2026-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示尺度及油水厚度对原油储罐沸溢行为的影响,设计并搭建包含4种尺度储罐的试验平台,系统开展不同尺度与油水厚度下原油储罐沸溢试验,分析沸溢时间和行为特征、油温分布与热波传播速率、热辐射强度以及质量相关参数,建立热波传播速率与质量燃烧速率的关系式,并评估现有沸溢时间预测模型的适用性。研究结果表明:沸溢时间随储罐尺度的增大呈线性增长趋势,而热波传播速率则表现为非线性递增,相对尺度为66.7%时,热波传播速率达全尺度试验的85.4%,沸溢安全距离亦随储罐尺度的增大显著增加;在沸溢行为方面,小尺度试验主要表现为连续喷射,而大尺度试验则呈现出翻腾式溢出和蔓延燃烧等特征;在大尺度下,油水厚度对同一水平面的油温影响不显著,但随油层厚度增加和水层厚度减少,沸溢时间延长,溢出燃料占剩余燃料的比例增加,沸溢强度增加,其中油层厚度对沸溢强度的提升更显著。

关键词: 尺度, 油水厚度, 原油储罐, 沸溢行为, 沸溢时间, 热波传播速率

Abstract:

To reveal the effects of scale and oil/water layer thickness on the boilover behavior of crude oil storage tanks, this study designed and constructed an experimental platform with crude oil storage tanks of 4 different scales to systematically conduct boilover experiments under different scales and oil/water layer thicknesses. The analysis focused on boilover onset time and behavioral characteristics, oil temperature distribution and hot wave propagation rate, heat flux, and mass-related parameters. A relationship between the hot wave propagation rate and the mass burning rate was established, and the applicability of existing boilover onset time prediction models was evaluated. The results show that as tank size increases, boilover onset time grows linearly, while hot wave propagation rate increases nonlinearly, reaching 85.4% of the full-scale propagation rate at 66.7% scale, and the boilover safety distance also increases significantly with tank scale. Regarding boilover behavior, small-scale experiments mainly displayed continuous jetting, whereas large-scale experiments exhibited tumbling overflow and spreading combustion. In large-scale experiments, the effect of oil/water layer thickness on oil temperature at the same elevation was insignificant. However, with increasing oil layer thickness and decreasing water layer thickness, boilover onset time is prolonged, the proportion of overflowed fuel relative to the remaining fuel increases, and boilover intensity increases, with oil layer thickness exerting a more pronounced influence than water layer thickness.

Key words: scale, oil/water layer thickness, crude oil storage tanks, boilover behavior, boilover onset time, hot wave propagation rate

中图分类号:

X937

李樾杨, 李明泽, 荆琦, 李云涛, 栾国华, 李鑫. 尺度及油水厚度对原油储罐沸溢行为的影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(9): 157-166.

Li Yueyang, Li Mingze, Jing Qi, Li Yuntao, Luan Guohua, Li Xin. Effects of scale and oil/water layer thickness on boilover behavior in crude oil storage tanks[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(9): 157-166.

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序号	储罐直径D/cm	储罐高度H/cm	油层厚度h₀/cm	水层厚度h_w/cm	油水比η	相对尺度/%
1	20	8	2.7	1.3	约2∶1	13.3
2	50	20	6.7	3.3		33.3
3	100	40	13.4	6.6		66.7
4	150	60	20	10		100
5			30	10	3∶1	—
6			20	20	1∶1
7			30	20	3∶2

性质	数值
密度(20 ℃)/(g/m³)	0.839
黏度(20 ℃)/(mPa·s)	3.404
含水率/%	0.4
初馏点/℃	32

相对尺度/%	平均实际沸溢时间/min	谭家磊模型		樊海燕模型		杨大伟模型
相对尺度/%	平均实际沸溢时间/min	计算值	偏差/%	计算值	偏差/%	计算值	偏差/%
13.3	10.8	13.1	-17.6	17.7	-38.9	10.3	4.9
33.3	19.7	32.3	-39.0	29.0	-32.1	17.5	12.6
66.7	36.5	54.1	-32.5	43.8	-16.7	23.2	57.3
100	46.8	70.5	-33.6	55.9	-16.3	29.5	58.6

尺度及油水厚度对原油储罐沸溢行为的影响

Effects of scale and oil/water layer thickness on boilover behavior in crude oil storage tanks

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