活性复合粉体抑制甲烷爆炸的效能试验研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.02.0668

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为获得具有更好抑爆效能的粉体抑爆剂,利用复配方法将NaHCO₃、Al(OH)₃、K₂CO₃与NH₄H₂PO₄混合,制备新的复合粉体,并采用可视化球形爆炸测试系统,分析不同质量浓度与配比下复合粉体对用烷(CH₄)爆炸超压、火焰发展及自由基生成的影响。结果表明:当NaHCO₃、Al(OH)₃、K₂CO₃、NH₄H₂PO₄的质量配比为1∶1∶2∶1时,复合粉体抑爆效能达到最佳。复合粉体的协同增效主要体现在:250 ℃之前,复合粉体发生复分解反应,释放大量气体如H₂O、CO₂与NH₃等,在爆炸初期吸收能量并稀释CH₄与氧气,抑制初期火焰的快速发展;NH₄H₂PO₄具有吸收CH₄燃烧反应中含C自由基的作用,该作用在复合粉体条件下被增强,能够有效阻止燃烧反应。

关键词: 复合粉体, 用烷(CH₄)爆炸, 抑爆效能, 协同增效, 火焰发展, 自由基

Abstract:

To obtain the powder suppressant with greater inhibition effect, NaHCO₃, Al(OH)₃, K₂CO₃ and NH₄H₂PO₄ were mixed by a compounding method, and a new composite powder was obtained. A visual spherical vessel was applied to study the effects of the composite powder with different mixing ratios on methane explosion overpressure, flame propagation and free radical production. The results indicate that as the mass proportion of NaHCO₃, Al(OH)₃, K₂CO₃ and NH₄H₂PO₄ is 1∶1∶2∶1, the inhibition effect of composite powder is significantly greater than that of the single powder. The synergistic mechanisms of the composite powder are as follows: Before 250 ℃, the composite powder undergoes a metathesis reaction, a large number of gases such as H₂O, CO₂ and NH₃ are released. In the early stage of methane explosion, the energy is absorbed and methane is diluted by the gases, so the rapid flame propagation is inhibited. NH₄H₂PO₄ plays a role in absorbing C-containing free radicals during methane combustion. This effect is enhanced when powder is mixed, leading to a further inhibition for methane combustion reaction.

Key words: composite powder, methane explosion, inhibition effect, synergistic effect, flame propagation, free radical

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

赵腾龙, 王枫潇, 李梓豪, 尹小桐. 活性复合粉体抑制甲烷爆炸的效能试验研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(2): 180-188.

ZHAO Tenglong, WANG Fengxiao, LI Zihao, YIN Xiaotong. Study on inhibition effect of active composite powder for methane explosions[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(2): 180-188.

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自由基	·CH₂O	·H	·OH	·CH	·CHO
波长λ	412.10	656.25	306.36	314.50	318.60
自由基	·O	·CO	·NO	·CN	―
波长λ	470.50	199.09	237.02	359.00	―

序号	反应式
1	K₂CO₃ + NH₄H₂PO₄ → CO₂ + NH₃ + H₂O + K₃PO₄
2	NaHCO₃ + NH₄H₂PO₄ → CO₂ + NH₃ + H₂O + Na₃PO₄
3	Al(OH)₃ + NH₄H₂PO₄ → NH₃ + H₂O + AlPO₄

序号	反应式
1	CO₂ + NH₃ + H₂O → NH₄HCO₃ (CO₂过量)
2	CO₂ + NH₃ + H₂O → (NH₄)₂CO₃ (NH₃过量)
3	CO₂ + NH₃ → CO(NH₂)₂ + H₂O
4	CO + NH₃ → HCONH₂
5	HCONH₂ + H₂O → NH₄HCO₂