低噪型超音速雾化装置的降噪与降尘特性研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.08.1307

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (8): 160-168.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.08.1307

低噪型超音速雾化装置的降噪与降尘特性研究

陶爽¹^,²(), 张天¹^,²^,^**(), 佟林全³^,⁴, 葛少成⁵, 李胜⁶^,⁷, 王长友⁸

¹ 辽宁工程技术大学安全科学与工程学院, 辽宁阜新 123000
² 矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室, 辽宁阜新 123000
³ 国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心, 北京 102308
⁴ 国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室, 北京 102308
⁵ 太原理工大学安全与应急管理工程学院, 山西太原 030024
⁶ 辽宁地质工程职业学院, 辽宁丹东 118302
⁷ 辽宁工程技术大学矿业学院, 辽宁阜新 123000
⁸ 中煤西安设计工程有限责任公司, 陕西西安 710054

收稿日期:2026-02-22 修回日期:2026-05-15 出版日期:2026-08-28
通信作者:
**张天(1992—),男,辽宁阜新人,博士,副教授,主要从事职业安全与健康方面的研究。E-mail:zhangtian@lntu.edu.cn。
作者简介:
陶爽 (2000—),女,贵州赫章人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为职业安全与健康。E-mail:1468376234@qq.com。
佟林全高级工程师
葛少成教授
李胜教授
王长友高级工程师

Study on noise and atomization dust suppression performance of a low-noise supersonic atomization device

Tao Shuang¹^,²(), Zhang Tian¹^,²^,^**(), Tong Linquan³^,⁴, Ge Shaocheng⁵, Li Sheng⁶^,⁷, Wang Changyou⁸

¹ College of Safety Science and Technology, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin Liaoning 123000, China
² Key Laboratory of Mine Thermodynamic Disasters and Control of Ministry of Education, Fuxin Liaoning 123000, China
³ Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, Beijing 102308, China
⁴ Key Laboratory of Dust Hazard Engineering Protection, National Health Commission, Beijing 102308, China
⁵ College of Safety and Emergency Management Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan Shanxi 030024, China
⁶ Liaoning Geology Engineering Vocational College, Dandong Liaoning 118302, China
⁷ College of Mining Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin Liaoning 123000, China
⁸ China Coal Xi'an Design Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi'an Shaanxi 710054, China

Received:2026-02-22 Revised:2026-05-15 Published:2026-08-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为降低超音速雾化降尘技术所产生的的高频噪声,研发应用泡沫金属喷管的低噪型超音速雾化装置。通过Comsol仿真喷嘴声场,结合喷雾噪声测试、雾化特性测试及降尘特性测试研究泡沫金属材料参数、气动压力对喷雾噪声、雾滴粒径及降尘效率的影响;分析多孔泡沫金属对跨音速流动致噪过程的降噪机制,确定喷管降噪理想材料。结果表明:不同材料下,多孔泡沫铝降噪效果更优,声辐射方向处约降低16.3%,达60 dB以下,远低于国标;相同材料下,随着孔隙平均等效直径的增大,声源处及声辐射方向处中高频段声压级整体呈上升趋势;随着压力的增大,各喷嘴各频段声压级呈上升趋势;相同工况下,数量分布为50%时,各喷嘴雾滴粒径皆在11 μm左右,降尘时间在3 min时,其总降尘效率在84%以上;泡沫金属拉瓦尔喷管内复杂孔隙结构可有效吸收气动雾化过程对喷管的振动传导能量,使声源通过喷管侧壁径向传播的声压级大幅降低。

关键词: 低噪型超音速雾化装置, 多孔泡沫金属, 高频噪声, 降噪效果, 降尘特性

Abstract:

To reduce the high-frequency noise generated by supersonic atomization dust suppression technology, a low-noise supersonic atomization dust suppression technology equipped with foam metal nozzles was developed. Multi-physical field simulations were conducted on the sound field of nozzles. Combined with experiments, this study explored the influences of foam metal material parameters and aerodynamic pressure on spray noise, droplet particle size and dust removal efficiency, analyzed the noise reduction mechanism of porous foam metals in the noise generation process of transonic flow, and selected preferable materials for noise-reducing nozzles. The results show that among various materials, porous aluminum foam delivers superior noise reduction performance, cutting noise by approximately 16.3% in the sound radiation direction to below 60 dB, which is far below national standards. For the same material, the sound pressure level in medium and high frequency bands at sound sources and sound radiation positions rises with the increase of average equivalent pore diameter. Rising pressure also leads to increased sound pressure levels across all frequency bands of different nozzles. Under identical working conditions, the droplet particle size of all nozzles is around 11 μm at the 50% quantity distribution, and the total dust removal efficiency exceeds 84% within 3 minutes of dust suppression. The intricate pore structure inside foam metal Laval nozzles effectively absorbs vibration conduction energy generated during pneumatic atomization, markedly lowering the sound pressure level of sound sources propagating radially through nozzle side walls.

Key words: supersonic atomization, porous foam metal, high-frequency noise, noise reduction performance, dust suppression characteristics

中图分类号:

陶爽, 张天, 佟林全, 葛少成, 李胜, 王长友. 低噪型超音速雾化装置的降噪与降尘特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(8): 160-168.

Tao Shuang, Zhang Tian, Tong Linquan, Ge Shaocheng, Li Sheng, Wang Changyou. Study on noise and atomization dust suppression performance of a low-noise supersonic atomization device[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(8): 160-168.

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参考文献 17

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边界参数	数值	边界参数	数值	边界参数	数值
入口速度V₁/(m/s)	1.7	比气体常数R_s/(J/(kg/K))	287	比热率γ	1.4
温度T/K	300	方位角模数m	0	流体密度ρ₀/(kg/m³)	3.48
多孔材料密度ρ_c/(kg/m³)	1 000、4 047	声速c₀/(m/s)	347	孔隙率ϕ	0.5、0.8
杨氏模量E/Pa	1.5×10¹¹、2×10¹¹	普朗特数P_r	0.72	泊松比n	0.3、0.4
渗透率k_p/m²	1×10^-11、1×10^-12	Biot-Willis系数α_B	0.3	曲折因子α_∞	3.636 9、4.044 5

低噪型超音速雾化装置的降噪与降尘特性研究

Study on noise and atomization dust suppression performance of a low-noise supersonic atomization device

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材料种类	平均等效直径/μm	孔隙率/%	面积分数/%
泡沫铝	1 200	80	20
泡沫不锈钢	30	50	50
	40	60	40
	50	60	40