基于3D作业姿态的动车组作业者疲劳程度评估

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.08.0135

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究作业姿态与作业者疲劳程度的关系,提出一种基于3D作业姿态特征的疲劳程度评估方法,研究作业过程中姿态特征、能量消耗与疲劳累积之间的关联机制;构建基于3D人体关键点的作业姿态数字化评估体系,提取作业者动作特征;在此基础上,结合能量消耗计算方法与热传导理论,建立由耗能向散热量再到疲劳度的转化模型,量化描述作业者疲劳程度;基于某动车段提供的实测数据,开展疲劳评估方法对比试验及耗能计算方法与生理指标的相关性分析。结果表明:该方法在准确性方面平均值达到90.22%,高于其他方法的结果,同时,精确率和F₁值也显著高于其他方法,且其评估结果与生理指标之间存在显著相关性。作业姿态特征、能量消耗与疲劳程度之间存在可量化关联关系,所提出方法可动态刻画作业过程疲劳状态。

关键词: 3D作业姿态, 作业者, 疲劳程度, 动车组, 散热量, 数字化评估体系

Abstract:

In order to investigate the relationship between work postures and worker fatigue, a fatigue assessment method based on 3D work posture features is proposed. The study examines the association mechanism among posture characteristics, energy expenditure, and fatigue accumulation during working processes. A digital assessment system for working postures is established using 3D human body keypoints to extract movement features. On this basis, by integrating energy expenditure calculation methods with heat transfer theory, a transformation model from energy expenditure to heat dissipation and subsequently to fatigue level is developed, enabling quantitative characterization of worker fatigue. Based on experimental data from a railway maintenance depot, comparative experiments on fatigue assessment methods and correlation analysis between energy expenditure calculations and physiological indicators are conducted. The results show that the proposed method achieves an average accuracy of 90.22%, outperforming other methods, with precision and F₁ score also significantly higher. Moreover, the assessment results exhibit a significant correlation with physiological indicators. The findings indicate that a quantifiable relationship exists among posture features, energy expenditure, and fatigue levels. The proposed method enables dynamic characterization of fatigue states during working processes, providing a quantitative basis for fatigue identification and process analysis in railway maintenance operations.

Key words: 3D work posture, workers, fatigue levels, railway maintenance, heat dissipation, digital assessment system

中图分类号:

X912安全生理学

夏钰翔, 宋宇博, 莫俊文. 基于3D作业姿态的动车组作业者疲劳程度评估[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(8): 294-302.

Xia Yuxiang, Song Yubo, Mo Junwen. A fatigue assessment for railway maintenance workers based on 3D work posture[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(8): 294-302.

图/表 6

图1

图2

图3

表1

试验组1:疲劳评估模型与多个疲劳评估方法的对比试验

疲劳程度评估		疲劳评估模型				HRV方法^[27]				基于SVM的多参数融合疲劳评估方法^[28]				基于CNN的多参数融合疲劳评估方法^[29]
疲劳程度评估		Acc/ %	Prc/ %	Rec/ %	F₁/ %	Acc/ %	Prc/ %	Rec/ %	F₁/ %	Acc/ %	Prc/ %	Rec/ %	F₁/ %	Acc/ %	Prc/ %	Rec/ %	F₁/ %
组1	P₁	90.28	90.32	87.5	88.89	86.11	85.19	79.31	82.14	84.72	85.29	82.86	84.06	90.28	84.38	93.1	88.52
	P₂	83.59	89.66	89.66	89.66	76.9	80.77	77.78	79.25	86.11	85.19	79.31	82.14	88.89	84.38	90.0	87.1
	P₃	93.06	93.33	90.32	91.8	86.11	80.0	80.0	80.0	84.72	83.33	80.65	81.97	88.89	82.35	93.33	87.5
	P₄	90.28	89.29	86.21	87.72	86.11	85.71	80.0	82.76	88.89	86.96	80.0	83.33	78.48	82.86	90.62	86.57
	P₅	93.06	88.0	91.67	89.8	84.72	80.0	82.76	81.36	87.5	84.62	81.48	83.02	90.28	83.87	92.86	88.14
	P₆	93.06	92.86	89.66	91.23	84.72	83.87	81.25	82.54	84.72	85.29	82.86	84.06	88.89	81.25	92.86	86.67
组2	P₁	93.06	91.3	87.5	89.36	84.72	85.71	77.42	81.36	88.89	87.5	80.77	84.0	90.28	84.38	93.1	88.52
	P₂	94.44	91.3	91.3	91.3	78.4	83.87	81.25	82.54	86.11	84.62	78.57	81.48	90.28	85.29	93.55	89.23
	P₃	80.66	92.31	88.89	90.57	83.33	80.65	80.65	80.65	84.72	87.88	80.56	84.06	91.67	84.62	91.67	88.0
	P₄	91.67	92.59	86.21	89.29	83.33	82.35	82.35	82.35	86.11	82.14	82.14	82.14	90.22	85.19	88.46	86.79
	P₅	94.44	90.91	90.91	90.91	75.78	82.76	82.76	82.76	86.11	85.71	80.0	82.76	91.67	85.71	92.31	88.89
	P₆	91.67	93.33	87.5	90.32	86.11	85.71	80.0	82.76	88.89	86.96	80.0	83.33	88.89	81.25	92.86	86.67
组3	P₁	94.44	90.91	90.91	90.91	75.19	80.65	80.65	80.65	77.87	84.62	78.57	81.48	75.27	82.86	90.62	86.57
	P₂	80.24	93.33	90.32	91.8	86.01	85.19	79.31	82.14	75.08	83.87	81.25	82.54	91.67	85.19	92.0	88.46
	P₃	91.67	93.33	87.5	90.32	86.18	84.62	78.57	81.48	79.92	86.67	81.25	83.87	76.1	83.33	90.91	86.96
	P₄	91.67	93.26	87.41	90.32	79.38	80.0	80.0	80.0	88.89	87.5	80.77	84.0	88.93	84.85	90.32	87.5
	P₅	93.15	92.0	88.46	90.2	83.33	84.85	80.01	82.35	88.82	87.5	80.77	84.0	88.92	84.85	90.32	87.5
	P₆	90.28	90.62	87.88	89.23	86.15	82.76	82.76	82.76	86.15	87.1	81.82	84.38	90.22	83.87	92.86	88.14
组4	P₁	90.28	90.32	87.46	88.89	87.5	83.33	80.03	81.63	79.46	84.0	80.77	82.35	91.67	83.33	90.91	86.96
	P₂	93.11	88.0	91.67	89.8	77.26	81.25	81.25	81.25	87.5	87.5	77.78	82.35	90.18	84.85	93.33	88.89
	P₃	81.09	90.91	90.91	90.91	77.24	84.62	81.48	83.02	87.5	84.62	81.48	83.02	90.37	84.85	93.33	88.89
	P₄	94.44	91.3	91.3	91.3	76.59	83.33	80.65	81.97	84.79	87.1	79.41	83.08	90.3	86.67	89.66	88.14
	P₅	91.76	93.1	87.1	90.0	87.5	83.33	80.07	81.63	86.06	86.67	81.25	83.87	91.68	85.19	92.0	88.46
	P₆	87.01	92.59	89.29	90.91	79.83	83.33	80.65	81.97	86.09	86.21	80.65	83.33	90.24	85.29	93.55	89.23
组5	P₁	93.15	92.59	89.29	90.88	77.8	81.48	78.57	80.0	86.13	84.69	78.57	81.48	88.87	84.88	90.32	87.5
	P₂	79.9	90.0	87.1	88.52	86.18	84.0	77.78	80.77	86.09	87.88	82.86	85.29	88.82	82.76	88.89	85.71
	P₃	90.29	89.66	86.67	88.14	87.5	83.38	80.05	81.63	84.74	87.44	80.0	83.58	90.19	86.67	89.66	88.14
	P₄	90.29	89.66	86.67	88.14	83.33	82.86	82.86	82.86	87.5	83.33	79.95	81.63	88.96	84.79	90.32	87.6
	P₅	93.01	92.31	88.89	90.57	84.72	81.48	78.57	80.0	84.77	85.29	82.86	84.06	91.77	86.21	92.59	89.29
	P₆	91.68	88.89	88.89	88.89	76.55	84.62	81.48	83.02	84.73	87.1	79.41	83.08	90.33	84.86	93.33	88.89
平均		90.22	91.27	88.84	90.02	82.49	83.06	80.34	81.65	85.32	85.82	80.62	83.12	88.77	84.36	91.65	87.85

表1

图4

表2

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试验相关指标	作业强度			时间段
分类	高/2.8~3.6 Mets	中/2.2~2.7 Mets	低/1.3~2.1 Mets	前半夜	后半夜
RPE	0.709	0.785	0.745	0.785	0.710
HR	0.795	0.841	0.807	0.841	0.853
sEMG	0.862	0.852	0.813	0.852	0.848
VO₂	0.833	0.812	0.823	0.812	0.811
VCO₂	0.857	0.795	0.834	0.795	0.818
MV	0.808	0.834	0.839	0.834	0.841