综合物探技术在煤矿顶板水害防治中的应用

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.S1.0025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究综合物探技术在煤矿综采工作面顶板水害防治中的应用效果,以新疆塔城地区某煤矿B1003E06综采工作面为研究背景,采用瞬变电磁、音频电穿透双物探手段联合探查的方法,对B1003E06综采工作面的煤层顶板进行超前探查,并综合分析判断该工作面顶板含水层的水量赋存情况。结果表明:在工作面回采作业前采用瞬变电磁、音频电穿透双物探手段联合探查的方法,能有效识别煤层顶板富水异常区域的空间分布特征,有利于指导井下探放水钻孔的设计及施工,保障工作面的安全回采;根据2种物探结果的相互验证,B1003E06工作面综合圈定富水异常靶向区26处,设计验证钻孔34个,通过打钻验证,钻孔涌水量空间分布特征基本与音频电穿透和瞬变电磁探查揭示的富水异常区分布一致,尤其是2种物探手段同时指示的富水异常区,工作面综合物探探查结果基本准确;B1003E06工作面的直接充水水源主要为顶板西山窑组砂岩含水层水,所有钻孔的涌水量都较小,均不超过0.15 m³/h,说明顶板砂岩含水层富水性弱,有利于工作面安全回采。瞬变电磁技术、音频电穿透技术能够有效判断井下采掘范围的富水异常情况。

关键词: 瞬变电磁技术, 音频电穿透技术, 视电阻率, 顶板富水异常, 矿井水害防治

Abstract:

To investigate the application effect of comprehensive geophysical exploration techniques in roof water damage prevention and control in fully mechanized mining faces, the B1003E06 fully mechanized mining face in a coal mine of the Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang, was selected as the research background. A survey method combining transient electromagnetic technology (TEM) with audio frequency electric penetrating (AFEP) technology was employed. Advanced detections were carried out on the coal seam roof in the B1003E06 fully mechanized mining face. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the distribution and volume of water in the roof aquifer were assessed. The results show that the combined TEM and AFEP survey method, when applied prior to coal extraction, could effectively identify the spatial distribution characteristics of water-rich anomalies in the coal seam roof. This helps facilitate the design and construction of underground water exploration and drainage boreholes and ensure safe coal extraction. Based on cross-validation of the two geophysical exploration results, 26 water-rich anomaly target zones are comprehensively delineated in the B1003E06 working face, with 34 verification boreholes designed. Drilling verification confirms that the spatial distribution of water inflow from the boreholes generally corresponds to the distribution of the water-rich anomaly zones revealed by both AFEP and TEM methods. For anomaly zones indicated simultaneously by the two methods, the comprehensive geophysical exploration results of the working faces are generally accurate. The primary direct water filling source in the B1003E06 working face is water from the Xishanyao Formation sandstone aquifer in the roof. All borehole water inflow rates are low, with none exceeding 0.15 m³/h. This indicates that the sandstone aquifer in the roof has low water yield property, which is favorable for safe coal extraction. The transient electromagnetic and audio frequency electric penetrating technologies could effectively identify water-rich anomalies within the underground mining area.

Key words: transient electromagnetic technology, audio frequency electric penetrating technology, apparent resistivity, roof water-rich anomaly, mine water damage prevention and control

中图分类号:

X936

杨伟, 胡伟, 蒙文军, 李桩, 乔增建, 郭小同. 综合物探技术在煤矿顶板水害防治中的应用[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(S1): 169-176.

Yang Wei, Hu Wei, Meng Wenjun, Li Zhuang, Qiao Zengjian, Guo Xiaotong. Application of comprehensive geophysical exploration technology in mine roof water damage prevention and control[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(S1): 169-176.

图/表 10

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

图5

图6

表2

图7

表3

参考文献 16

[1]	武强. 我国矿井水防控与资源化利用的研究进展、问题和展望[J]. 煤炭学报, 2014, 39(5): 795-805.
	Wu Qiang. Progress,problems and prospects of prevention and control technology of mine water and reutilization in China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2014, 39(5);795-805.
[2]	尹尚先, 王玉国, 李文生. 矿井水灾害:原因·对策·出路[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2023, 51(1): 214-221.
	Yin Shangxian, Wang Yuguo, Li Wensheng. Cause, countermeasures and solutions of water hazards in coal mines in China[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2023, 51(1): 214-221.
[3]	宋贵磊, 公绪飞, 杨富强, 等. 含水采空区瞬变电磁时空响应特征研究及应用[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2024, 52(12): 201-212.
	Song Guilei, Gong Xufei, Yang Fuqiang, et al. Spatiotemporal response characteristics of transient electromagnetic field in water-bearing goaves and their applications[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2024, 52(12): 201-212.
[4]	于景邨, 苏本玉, 薛国强, 等. 煤层顶板致灾水体井上下双磁源瞬变电磁响应及应用[J]. 煤炭学报, 2019, 44 (8): 2 356-2 360.
	Yu Jingcun, Su Benyu, Xue Guoqiang, et al. Transient electromagnetic response of double magnetic source in coalseam roof disaster caused by water and its application[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2019, 44(8): 2 356-2 360.
[5]	陈健强, 张永超, 邱浩, 等. 井下富水区瞬变电磁响应特征分析[J]. 煤矿安全, 2019, 50(10): 185-189.
	Chen Jianqiang, Zhang Yongchao, Qiu Hao, et al. Transient electr-omagnetic response characteristics of mine water-rich area[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2019, 50(10): 185-189.
[6]	张继锋, 孙乃泉, 刘最亮, 等. 电磁法在煤矿水害隐患探测方面的综述[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2023, 51(2): 301-316.
	Zhang Jifeng, Sun Naiquan, Liu Zuiliang, et al. Electromagnetic methods in the detection of water hazards in coal mines: a review[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2023, 51(2): 301-316.
[7]	鲁晶津, 王云宏, 崔伟雄, 等. 矿井水害音频电透视法监测水槽物理模拟试验研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2023, 51(增刊1): 265-274.
	Lu Jingjin, Wang Yunhong, Cui Weixiong, et al. Study on physical simulation of mine water disaster monitoringby audio frequency electrical resistivity perspective method in water tank[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2023, 51(S1): 265-274.
[8]	李洋, 王金平, 魏启明. 瞬变电磁法在井下工作面顶板导水裂缝探测中的应用[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2018, 46(增刊1): 66-71.
	Li Yang, Wang Jinping, Wei Qiming. Application of transient electromagnetic method in the detection of water-conducting cracks in the roof slab of downhole working face[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2018, 46 (S1): 66-71.
[9]	韩创业, 秦剑云, 崔鹏飞, 等. 矿井地下水复合勘查与定向探放技术研究及工程应用[J]. 煤炭工程, 2024, 56 (11): 55-60. doi: 10.11799/ce202411009
	Han Chuangye, Qin Jianyun, Cui Pengfei, et al. Research and engineering application of compound exploration and directional exploration and discharge technology for groundwater in mines[J]. Coal Engineering, 2024, 56 (11): 55-60. doi: 10.11799/ce202411009
[10]	陈明生, 石显新. 对瞬变电磁测深几个问题的思考(四):从不同角度看瞬变电磁场法的探测深度[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2017, 45 (5): 140-146.
	Chen Mingsheng, Shi Xianxin. Reflections on several issues of transient electromagnetic bathymetry (Ⅳ) :depth of sounding of transient electromagnetic field methods from different perspectives[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2017, 45 (5): 140-146.
[11]	李文刚. 综合电法在煤层底板含水性探查中的应用[J]. 中国煤炭, 2015, 41 (7): 38-41.
	Li Wengang. Application of integrated electrical method in the exploration of water content of coal seam bottom plate[J]. China Coal, 2015, 41 (7): 38-41.
[12]	王程, 鲁晶津. 音频电穿透三维反演在含/导水陷落柱探查中的应用[J]. 工矿自动化, 2019, 45(8): 105-108.
	Wang Cheng, Lu Jingjin. Application of 3D inversion of audio-frequency electric perspective in detection of water-containing/waterconductive collapse column[J]. Industry and Mine Automation, 2019, 45(8): 105-108.
[13]	张国恩, 解振华, 史洪恺. 音频电穿透技术在探查工作面顶板富水性的应用[J]. 煤矿安全, 2021, 52(5): 82-86.
	Zhang Guoen, Xie Zhenhua, Shi Hongkai. Application of audio frequency electric penetrating technology in exploring water-rich roof of working face[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2021, 52(5): 82-86.
[14]	张欢, 彭刘亚. 矿井瞬变电磁场井下人文噪声干扰物理模拟[J]. 工程地球物理学报, 2010, 7(6): 679-683.
	Zhang Huan, Peng Liuya. Physical simulation of underground humanistic noise interference from transient electromagnetic fields in mines[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geoph, 2010, 7(6): 679-683.
[15]	孙怀凤, 李貅, 卢绪山, 等. 隧道强干扰环境瞬变电磁响应规律与校正方:以TBM为例[J]. 地球物理学报, 2016, 59(12): 4 720-4 732.
	Sun Huaifeng, Li Xiu, Lu Xushan, et al. Transient electromagnetic responses in tunnels with strong interferences and the correcting method: a TBM example[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2016, 59(12): 4 720-4 732.
[16]	范涛, 赵兆, 吴海, 等. 矿井瞬变电磁多匝回线电感影响消除及曲线偏移研究[J]. 煤炭学报, 2014, 39(5): 932-940.
	Fan Tao, Zhao Zhao, Wu Hai, et al. Research on inductance effect removing and curve offset for mine TEM with multi smallloops[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2014, 39(5): 932-940.

断面名称	异常区编号	横向范围/ m	纵向范围/ m	视电阻率/ (Ω·m)	断面名称	异常区编号	横向范围/ m	纵向范围/ m	视电阻率/ (Ω·m)
30°方向	1号	400~580	15~32	<50	30°方向	12号	3 810~3 850	0~36	<30
	3号	900~1 110	15~30	<40	30°方向	13号	3 785~3 850	0~30	<30
	5号	1 390~1 470	15~33	<45	45°方向	2号	880~960	15~25	<40
	7号	2 340~2 500	12~35	<30		4号	1 310~1 460	15~32	<45
	8号	2 685~2 735	17~24	<35		6号	2 330~2 460	12~29	<35
	9号	3 015~3 120	15~32	<40		11号	3 400~3 600	0~18	<40
	10号	3 420~3 550	0~21	<40	60°方向	14号	3 785~3 840	0~19	<30

巷道名称	异常区编号	横向范围/ m	向工作面内延伸长度/m	电导率/ (S/m)	巷道名称	异常区编号	横向范围/ m	向工作面内延伸长度/m	电导率/ (S/m)
轨道巷	1号	270~325	约38	>50	轨道巷	10号	2 450~2 490	约54	>50
	2号	375~435	约60	>50	轨道巷	11号	3 590~3 680	约72	>50
	3号	545~605	约54	>50	运输巷	5号	470~500	约85	>50
	4号	640~700	约35	>50		6号	605~660	约112	>50
	7号	830~880	约35	>50		8号	1 030~1 115	约105	>50
	9号	1 125~1 175	约72	>50

钻孔编号	倾角/(°)	孔深/m	终孔涌水量/ (m³/h)	钻孔编号	倾角/(°)	孔深/m	终孔涌水量/ (m³/h)
GSF1-1	35	60	0	YSF3-1	40	118	0
GSF2-1	30	79	0	YSF4-1	40	40	0
GSF3-1	30	69	0	YSF5-1	30	42	0
GSF4-1	40	78	0	YSF6-1	40	130	0
GSF5-1	35	56	0	YSF7-1	30	39	0.01
GSF6-1	25	66	0	YSF7-2	40	87	0
GSF7-1	25	66	0	YSF8-1	30	91	0
GSF7-2	40	114	0	YSF9-1	30	70	0
GSF8-1	35	90	0	YSF10-1	30	35	0
GSF9-1	20	115	0	YSF10-2	40	61	0
GSF10-1	35	45	0	YSF11-1	30	62	0
GSF10-2	40	117	0	YSF12-1	35	52	0.15
GSF11-1	30	50	0.14	YSF13-1	30	64	0
GSF12-1	30	97	0	YSF14-1	40	34	0
GSF13-1	20	57	0	YSF15-1	40	54	0.01
YSF1-1	30	39	0	YSF16-1	30	51	0.02
YSF2-1	35	100	0	YSF16-2	40	49	0.05