分岔隧道火灾烟气回流长度及温度分布试验研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.03.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究分岔隧道火灾时烟气流动特性,在1∶10缩尺寸分岔隧道模型中开展一系列火灾试验,火源位置设置在分岔隧道内,选取2个火源功率(15.9和31.9 kW),7个通风风速 (0、0.45、0.60、0.75、1.0、1.3和1.6 m/s),重点分析不同纵向通风风速作用下主隧道内烟气回流长度、主隧道温度分布及分岔隧道温度分布。研究结果表明:火灾发生在分岔隧道时,主隧道内烟气回流长度符合THOMAS烟气回流长度预测模型,但系数C_d远小于单洞隧道内的研究结果;主隧道内无量纲烟气温度分布符合指数衰减模型,衰减系数 $k$ 随着纵向通风增加符合幂函数衰减;分岔隧道内无量纲烟气温度分布符合指数衰减模型,衰减系数 $k'$ 随着纵向通风增加符合线性衰减。

关键词: 分岔隧道, 烟气回流长度, 温度分布, 纵向通风, 预测模型

Abstract:

In order to study smoke flow characteristics in case of fire in bifurcation tunnels, a series of fire experiments in the 1∶10 scale tunnel model were carried out with fire source located in bifurcation tunnels. Two heat release rates (15.9 and 31.9 kW) and 7 ventilation wind speeds (0, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, 1.0, 1.3 and 1.6 m/s) were selected, and smoke's back-layering length, temperature distribution in the main tunnel and bifurcation tunnel under different longitudinal ventilation speeds were analyzed. The results show that when the fire source is located in bifurcation tunnels, smoke back-layering length in the main tunnel conforms to THOMAS prediction model, but coefficient C_d is much smaller than previous research results in single-hole tunnel. The dimensionless smoke temperature distribution in the main tunnel agrees with longitudinal temperature attenuation model, with coefficient k attenuating in a power function along with increase of longitudinal ventilation, and that in bifurcation tunnel corresponds with longitudinal temperature attenuation model too, but with coefficient k' demonstrating linear attenuation as longitudinal ventilation increases.

Key words: bifurcation tunnel, smoke back-layering length, temperature distribution, longitudinal ventilation, prediction model

高云骥, 罗越扬, 李智胜, 张玉春, 喻洋阳, 李涛. 分岔隧道火灾烟气回流长度及温度分布试验研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(3): 109-115.

GAO Yunji, LUO Yueyang, LI Zhisheng, ZHANG Yuchun, YU Yangyang, LI Tao. Experimental study on smoke back-layering length and temperature distribution in bifurcation tunnels[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(3): 109-115.

图/表 13

图1

图2

表1

试验工况统计

工况	火源功率/kW	通风风速/(m· $s - 1$ )
1—7	15.9	0、0.45、0.6、0.75、1.0、1.3、1.6
8—14	31.9	0、0.45、0.6、0.75、1.0、1.3、1.6

表1

图3

图4

图5

图6

表2

图7

图8

图9

图10

表3

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火源功率/kW	纵向风速/ (m·s^-1)	k	Adj.R-Square
15.9	0	0.644	0.945
	0.45	0.682	0.940
	0.6	0.877	0.944
	0.75	0.956	0.952
	1.0	0.921	0.943
	1.3	1.216	0.961
31.9	0	0.637	0.954
	0.45	0.719	0.956
	0.6	0.631	0.950
	0.75	0.735	0.952
	1.0	0.763	0.959
	1.3	1.292	0.952
	1.6	2.230	0.970

火源功率/kW	纵向风速/ (m·s^-1)	α	k	y₀	Adj. R-Square
15.9	〗0	0.766	2.429	0.198	0.962
	0.45	0.859	2.191	0.168	0.981
	0.6	0.855	2.099	0.162	0.984
	0.75	0.822	2.162	0.151	0.973
	1.0	0.780	1.802	0.150	0.986
	1.3	0.819	1.196	0.168	0.961
31.9	0	0.829	2.001	0.189	0.975
	0.45	0.824	1.830	0.165	0.960
	0.6	0.803	1.890	0.167	0.959
	0.75	0.789	1.877	0.170	0.956
	1.0	0.766	1.767	0.177	0.979
	1.3	0.790	1.423	0.172	0.984
	1.6	0.806	1.286	0.168	0.983