考虑灾民心理痛苦的震后应急物资调配问题研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.11.1392

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为有效降低震后应急物资短缺情况下灾民的心理痛苦,首先,构建痛苦成本函数刻画灾民遭受的心理痛苦,利用平均痛苦成本表征应急物资调配的时效性和公平性;然后,以灾民平均痛苦成本和应急物流成本最低为目标,构建兼顾效率和公平的2阶段应急物资配送中心选址与物资协调联运多目标规划模型,并设计一种分阶段解码的改进双种群遗传算法进行求解;最后,结合汶川大地震后应急物资保障的实际情景进行算例分析。结果表明:增加配送中心的数量可以提升震后应急物资调配的公平性和时效性,有效缓解灾民的心理创伤;在配送中心数量确定的前提下,提高应急物资调配的公平性和时效性并不会对物流成本造成显著影响。

关键词: 应急物资调配, 灾民心理痛苦, 公平性, 时效性, 遗传算法

Abstract:

In order to effectively reduce the psychological pain of the victims under the condition of post-earthquake relief material shortage, firstly, a pain cost function is constructed to describe the psychological pain of the victims, and the average pain cost is used to characterize the timeliness and fairness of relief material allocation.Then, aiming ae the lowest average pain cost of the victims and the lowest cost of emergency logistics, this paper constructs a two-stage multi-objective planning model of emergency material distribution center location and coordinated intermodal transportation of materials, and designs an improved two-population genetic algorithm with phased decoding to solve the problem. Finally, an example analysis is made based on actual situation of emergency materials support after Wenchuan Earthquake. The results show that increasing the number of distribution centers can improve the fairness and timeliness of post-earthquake emergency material allocation and effectively alleviate the psychological trauma of the victims;under the premise of determining the number of distribution centers, improving the fairness and timeliness of emergency material allocation will not have a significant impact on logistics costs.

Key words: Emergency materials allocation, psychological pain of victims, fairness, timeliness, genetic algorithm

高鹏飞, 刘方翔, 黄建华, 王阳. 考虑灾民心理痛苦的震后应急物资调配问题研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(11): 200-207.

GAO Pengfei, LIU Fangxiang, HUANG Jianhua, WANG Yang. Research on post-earthquake emergency material allocation considering psychological pain of victims[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(11): 200-207.

图/表 7

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

应急物资配送中心到受灾点的物资调运方案

配送中心	受灾点	分配车辆数	物资调配量/份		物资到达时刻/h		配送中心	受灾点	分配车辆数	物资调配量/份		物资到达时刻/h
配送中心	受灾点	分配车辆数	食品	生活用品	食品	生活用品	配送中心		分配车辆数	食品	生活用品	食品	生活用品
S1	J1	9	216 590	24 615	2	2	S9		J36	7	233 554	13 655	26.5	26.5
	J2	2	40 998	4 660	2.4	2.4		J37	2	29 858	1 745	25.66	25.66
	J3	2	37 594	4 273	2.88	2.88		J38	2	32 321	1 890	26.44	26.44
	J4	2	34 036	3 868	3.2	3.2		J39	2	29 243	1 710	27.04	27.04
	J5	2	37 130	4 220	3.76	3.76	S12	J40	3	66 940	3 811	3.6	3.6
	J21	2	19 339	2 989	15	15		J41	3	81 571	4 320	4.98	4.98
S4	J6	6	167 470	19 033	6.76	6.76		J45	5	167 143	9 772	2.44	2.44
	J7	2	27 848	3 165	16.76	16.76	S13	J24	6	184 304	10 776	4.64	4.64
	J8	2	29 395	3 341	8.7	8.7		J25	2	27 396	1 602	5.34	5.34
	J9	2	30 942	3 517	9.16	9.16		J26	2	32 321	1 890	5.06	5.06
	J10	2	24 754	2 814	8.94	8.94		J27	2	17 536	1 026	7.04	7.04
	J11	6	165 537	18 813	9.8	9.8		J34	2	24 010	1 404	5.7	5.7
	J12	2	24 754	2 814	10	10		J42	3	105 427	6 164	6.4	6.4
	J13	2	15 471	1 759	8	8		J43	3	105 811	6 187	8.56	8.56
	J14	2	37 130	4 220	8.2	8.2		J44	4	120 433	7 042	7	7
	J15	9	238 635	27 120	3.5	3.5		J46	6	176 993	10 348	3.8	3.8
	J16	2	30 942	3 517	8.8	8.8	S15	J47	3	59 284	4 530	8.16	8.86
	J17	2	27 848	3 165	9.9	9.9		J53	2	56 250	4 298	8.26	8.96
	J18	2	26 301	2 989	10.1	10.1		J54	2	52 458	3 873	10.46	11.16
	J19	2	26 919	3 058	3.9	3.9		J57	2	56 250	4 298	9.62	10.32
	J20	2	23 825	2 708	10.7	10.7	S16	J48	6	170 962	13 063	12.8	12.8
	J22	2	47 960	5 451	15.8	15.8		J49	2	26 040	1 990	13.9	13.9
	J23	2	18 565	2 022	15.5	15.5		J50	2	30 843	2 357	13.7	13.7
S8	J28	6	184 689	10 798	2.14	2.84		J51	2	28 441	2 174	14.06	14.06
	J29	2	29 243	1 710	3.18	3.88	J52	2	25 906	1 980	14.8	14.8
	J30	2	40 016	2 340	2.74	3.44	S18	J55	3	98 912	7 558	11.92	11.92
	J31	2	36 938	2 160	3.64	4.34	S18	J56	2	48 982	3 743	8.56	8.56
	J32	6	223 550	13 070	3.4	4.1
	J33	2	27 088	1 584	3.6	4.3
	J35	2	20 932	1 224	3.9	4.6

表6

图1

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编号	物资集散点	食品/份	生活用品/份
I1	成都军用机场	800 500	90 100
I2	双流机场	1 401 000	100 100
I3	火车北站	1 800 100	130 000

备选物资配送中心	所属灾区	转运量/t	备选物资配送中心	所属灾区	转运量/t	备选物资配送中心	所属灾区	转运量/t
S1都江堰	R1	700	S7大邑	R1	500	S13绵阳	R2	2 820
S2茂县	R1	1 650	S8什邡	R2	2700	S14广汉	R2	2 750
S3彭州	R1	700	S9北川	R2	6000	S15广元	R3	1 350
S4汶川	R1	1 600	S10平武	R2	2750	S16青川	R3	1 380
S5九寨沟	R1	2 200	S11江油	R2	2800	S17旺苍	R3	1 400
S6崇州	R1	600	S12德阳	R2	2760	S18剑阁	R3	1 450

受灾点	灾区	食品/ 份	生活用品/份	受灾点	灾区	食品/ 份	生活用品/份	受灾点	灾区	食品/ 份	生活用品/份
J1都江堰	R1	280 000	28 000	J20三江	R1	30 800	3 080	J39开坪	R2	38 000	3 800
J2灌口镇	R1	53 000	5 300	J21小金	R1	25 000	3 400	J40罗江县	R2	87 000	8 470
J3青城山	R1	48 600	4 860	J22黑水	R1	62 000	6 200	J41中江县	R2	106 000	9 600
J4紫平铺	R1	44 000	4 400	J23松潘	R1	24 000	2 300	J42三台县	R2	137 000	13 700
J5虹口乡	R1	48 000	4 800	J24安县	R2	239 500	23 950	J43盐亭县	R2	137 500	13 750
J6茂县	R1	216 500	21 650	J25秀水	R2	35 600	3 560	J44梓潼县	R2	156 500	15 650
J7富顺	R1	36 000	3 600	J26宝林	R2	42 000	4 200	J45德阳	R2	217 200	21 720
J8飞虹	R1	38 000	3 800	J27高川	R2	22 800	2 280	J46绵阳	R2	230 000	23 000
J9黑虎	R1	40 000	4 000	J28什邡	R2	240 000	24 000	J47广元	R3	93 800	9 380
J10太平	R1	32 000	3 200	J29洛水	R2	38 000	3 800	J48青川	R3	270 500	27 050
J11理县	R1	214 000	21 400	J30双盛镇	R2	52 000	5 200	J49瓦砾乡	R3	41 200	4 120
J12朴头	R1	32 000	3 200	J31蓥华镇	R2	48 000	4 800	J50板桥乡	R3	48 800	4 880
13木卡乡	R1	20 000	2 000	J32绵竹	R2	290 500	29 050	J51骑马乡	R3	45 000	4 500
14通化乡	R1	48 000	4 800	J33剑南	R2	35 200	3 520	J52营盘乡	R3	41 000	4 100
J15汶川	R1	308 500	30 850	J34绵远镇	R2	31 200	3 120	J53利州区	R3	89 000	8 900
J16映秀	R1	40 000	4 000	J35汉王镇	R2	27 200	2 720	J54朝天区	R3	83 000	8 020
J17水磨	R1	36 000	3 600	J36北川	R2	303 500	30 350	J55苍溪	R3	156 500	15 650
J18卧龙	R1	34 000	3 400	J37永安	R2	38 800	3 880	J56剑阁	R3	77 500	7 750
J19雁门	R1	34 800	3 480	J38永昌	R2	42 000	4 200	J57元坝区	R3	89 000	8 900

配送中心数量	所选配送中心	平均痛苦成本Z₁/元	物流成本Z₂/元
5	S1,S4,S9,S12,S18	38 906 000	111 510
6	S1,S4,S9, S12,S15,S16	38 744 000	111 560
7	S1,S4,S9,S12, S13,S15,S16	38 732 000	112 420
8	S1,S4,S8,S9,S12, S13,S15,S18	38 308 000	114 480
9	S1,S4,S8,S9,S12, S13,S15,S16,S18	38 271 000	114 570

集散点	服务配送中心	食品/份	运输方式	集散点	服务配送中心	生活用品/份	运输方式
I1	S1	385 684	H	I1	S1	44 623	H
	S9	324 975	H		S9	18 999	H
	S12	89 838	H		S12	17 902	H
I2	S12	225 813	H	I2	S8	32 884	H
	S13	794 227	H		S13	46 435	H
	S16	282 190	H		S15	16 999	H
	S18	98 775	H		S16	21 563	H
I3	S4	964 286	R		S18	11 301	H
	S8	562 450	H	I2	S4	109 498	R
	S15	224 238	H
	S18	49 125	H