海上平台含硫化氢气体泄漏事故后果分析

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.09.0065

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评估海上平台含硫化氢伴生气的泄漏事故后果,采用ANSYS Fluent软件模拟平台分离器含硫化氢伴生气扩散的时空变化。根据含硫化氢伴生气扩散的发展过程,对比泄漏后未采取保护措施和采取应急保护措施2种情形下伴生气气云团的毒害范围;结合剂量反应模型定量评估含硫化氢伴生气泄漏后毒害的危险程度。结果表明:相对于泄漏后未采用保护措施的情况,采取应急关断措施50 s后,硫化氢质量浓度阈值为500~2 000 mg/m³的气云团体积减小20%~37.5%,水平扩散距离减小15.4%~47.6%;随后采取主动泄放措施后,毒害气云团体积和水平扩散距离进一步迅速减小。综合考虑硫化氢积聚浓度和暴露反应,采取应急关断+主动泄放的应急保护措施可大幅降低平台受到毒害的死亡率,泄漏孔附近3个监测点的死亡率分别由0.998、0.034、0.000 239降低至0.759、0.002 9、0.000 000 65;采用措施后平台中层甲板水平截面的不可接受区和合理接收区的面积较未采用措施分别降低63.7%和81.7%,显著降低伴生气泄漏毒害后果的危险程度。

关键词: 海上平台, 含硫化氢气体, 气体泄漏, 事故后果, 气云团, 危险程度

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the consequences of H₂S-containing associated gas leakage on the platform, ANSYS Fluent software was used to simulate the spatiotemporal changes of the gas diffusion. According to the development process of H₂S-containing gas diffusion, the toxic area of the associated gas cloud in two scenarios, namely no protective measures and emergency protective measures, were compared. A quantitative evaluation of the degree of toxic risk of H₂S-containing associated gas leakage was conducted by using the dose-response model. The results showed that compared to the scenario with no protective measures, after taking the “shutdown” measure, the volume and horizontal diffusion distance of the gas cloud with H₂S concentration ranging from 500-2 000 mg/m³are reduced by 20%-37.5% and 15.4%-47.6%, respectively. After that, the toxic gas cloud volume and horizontal diffusion distance can be further reduced rapidly by taking the "blowdown" measures. By considering the H₂S accumulative concentration and exposure reaction, “shutdown + blowdown” measures can obviously reduce the fatality probability. The fatality of three monitoring spots near the leakage hole decreases from 0.998, 0.034 and 0.000 239 to 0.759, 0.002 9 and 0.000 000 65 respectively. The area of intolerable section and ALARP section of horizontal plane on the middle deck decrease by 63.7% and 81.7% after taking the emergency protective measures. The hazardous degree of toxic consequences caused by associated gas leakage can be significantly reduced.

Key words: offshore platform, H₂S containing gas, gas leakage, accident consequence, gas cloud, hazardous degree

中图分类号:

X937

马晨波, 陆心怡, 宫景雯, 胡冬, 赵思奇, 曹杨. 海上平台含硫化氢气体泄漏事故后果分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(9): 131-137.

MA Chenbo, LU Xinyi, GONG Jingwen, HU Dong, ZHAO Siqi, CAO Yang. Consequences analysis of H₂S-containing gas leakage on offshore platform[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(9): 131-137.

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甲板	距离海平面	甲板尺寸
上层	29.0	45.5(长)×37.5(宽)
二层	24.5	31.5(长)×37.5(宽)
中层	20.5	43.5(长)×37.5(宽)
下层	12.0	43.5(长)×37.5(宽)