海上平台泄漏天然气爆燃特性分析

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.10.2741

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评估海上平台泄漏天然气的爆燃事故后果，应用ANSYS Fluent软件模拟研究平台分离器泄漏天然气爆燃的演化过程。首先，根据海上平台结构和设备设施布置情况，建立平台三维模型；然后，探究天然气爆燃事故的爆燃超压、燃烧温度和燃烧热辐射强度3个关键参数的时空分布特征；最后，分析多种危害情况下的危险区域和影响范围，并从工程角度提出安全防范建议。结果表明：爆燃超压对三相分离器和加热器撬的影响最严重，井口区采油树、实验室和中控室等设备设施受超压影响较小，爆燃超压对人体伤害的最小安全距离为点火源下风侧22.5 m；燃烧产生的高温对设备设施的影响主要集中在三相分离器、井口区采油树和平台立柱，对人员的伤害范围会延伸至上层甲板生活楼区域；火灾热辐射会造成下甲板设备设施变形破坏，持续的热辐射作用会造成作业人员烧伤。

关键词: 海上平台, 天然气, 爆燃超压, 燃烧温度, 热辐射强度

Abstract:

In order to evaluate deflagration consequences arising from natural gas leakage on a domestic offshore platform， ANSYS Fluent software was used to simulate the evolution process of deflagration accidents. Firstly， a three-dimensional model was established based on the structure and equipment layout of the offshore platform. Then， the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of three key parameters， overpressure of deflagration， high temperature and thermal radiation intensity of combustion， were investigated. Finally， the hazardous area and influence range of the deflagration were analyzed， and the corresponding safety prevention suggestions were proposed. The results show that overpressure has the most serious effect on the three-phase separator and heater skid， while other facilities （i.e.， Christmas trees， laboratory and central control room） are less affected by overpressure. The minimum distance to ensure the safety of humans under overpressure is 22.5 m downwind side of the ignition source. The impact of high temperature on facilities is mainly reflected in the three-phase separator， Christmas trees and column. The hazardous area generated by high temperature is extended to the living quarter. Deformation of facilities on lower deck can be caused by thermal radiation of combustion， and personnel burns can be caused the continuous thermal radiation.

Key words: offshore platform, natural gas, deflagration overpressure, combustion temperature, thermal radiation intensity

马晨波, 陆心怡, 刘向东, 胡冬, 武旭, 曹杨. 海上平台泄漏天然气爆燃特性分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(10): 107-114.

MA Chenbo, LU Xinyi, LIU Xiangdong, HU Dong, WU Xu, CAO Yang. Analysis of deflagration characteristics of leakage gas on an offshore platform[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(10): 107-114.

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压力/ kPa	点火源左侧覆盖距离/m	覆盖面积/m²	体积/ m³
15	1.9	2.2	2.2
6	2.1	10.1	19.6
4	5.5	45.7	229.1
2	17.5	366.8	5 977.9