中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (S2): 95-102.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0024

• 安全工程技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

尾矿库溃坝模拟分析及风险防控对策

赖国望1(), 温经林2,**(), 翁松华1, 唐恺3   

  1. 1 广东广业云硫矿业有限公司, 广东 云浮 527300
    2 中国安全生产科学研究院, 北京 100012
    3 中钢集团 马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司, 安徽 马鞍山 243000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-10 出版日期:2026-02-04
  • 通信作者:
    **温经林(1988—),男,江西广昌人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山安全方面的工作。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    赖国望 (1986—),男,江西石城人,本科,工程师,主要从事矿山生产和安全管理方面的工作。E-mail:

    温经林 高级工程师

    翁松华 高级工程师

    唐恺 高级工程师

Simulation analysis of tailings reservoir dam breaches and risk prevention and control measures

LAI Guowang1(), WEN Jinglin2,**(), WENG Songhua1, TANG Kai3   

  1. 1 Guangdong Guangye Yunliu Mining Co., Ltd., Yunfu Guangdong 527300, China
    2 China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China
    3 Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Maanshan Anhui 243000, China
  • Received:2025-08-10 Published:2026-02-04

摘要:

为提高尾矿库应急处置能力,根据当前尾矿库溃坝模拟技术的发展,结合尾矿库现状,分析当前溃坝风险,选定后果最严重的主坝洪水漫顶模式进行分析。采用Flow-3D数值模拟手段,建立尾矿库与周边地形模型,选择最不利状态下尾矿库参数进行仿真模拟,确定溃坝后尾矿泥砂流演进的过程,以及泥砂流对下游开阔地区的影响程度。设置计算网格与边界条件,整体网格采用矩形网格,整体网格大小为2 m,在尾矿库与下游之间加入1 m大小的嵌套加密网格使其精度更高。根据模拟仿真数据和尾矿库实际地形,划分尾矿库下游溃坝影响区域的风险等级,评估其风险情况。结果表明:尾矿库溃坝风险总体可控,极端漫顶工况下尾砂最远影响距离(650 m)小于下游最近构筑物位置(950 m),对村庄影响较小。并有针对性地提出5条风险防控措施。

关键词: 尾矿库, 溃坝模拟, 漫顶, 风险分析, 风险防控

Abstract:

To enhance the emergency response capability of the tailings reservoir, the current dam breach risks were analyzed based on the latest developments in tailings reservoir dam breach simulation technologies and the existing conditions of the facility. The flood overtopping failure mode of the main dam, which leads to the most severe consequences, was selected for detailed analysis. The Flow-3D numerical simulation method was employed to establish a model of the tailings reservoir and surrounding topography. Parameters representing the most unfavorable conditions were used in the simulation to determine the progression of the tailings slurry flow after the dam breach and assess its impact on downstream open areas. The computational grid and boundary conditions were configured with a global rectangular grid size of 2 m. A nested refinement grid of 1 m was added between the tailings reservoir and downstream areas to achieve higher accuracy. Based on the simulation data and the actual terrain of the tailings reservoir, risk levels for downstream areas affected by potential dam breach were classified, and the associated risks were evaluated. The results indicate that the dam breach risk is generally controllable, as the maximum impact distance of tailings under extreme overtopping conditions (650 m) is less than the location of the nearest downstream structure (950 m), resulting in minimal impact on villages. Furthermore, five targeted risk prevention and control measures are proposed.

Key words: tailings reservoir, dam breach simulation, overtopping, risk analysis, risk prevention and control

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