近直立特厚煤层破坏过程声电特征研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.S1.0011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对近直立特厚煤层冲击地压以帮鼓为主、现有声电前兆判据多基于近水平/缓倾斜煤层适用性不足的问题,以乌东煤矿倾角87°、平均厚48.87 m的近直立特厚煤层为对象,开展煤岩单轴压缩同步声发射(AE)-电磁辐射(EMR)试验及现场地音、微震(MS)、EMR多参量监测,并与其他典型煤层跨倾角对比。结果表明:实验室尺度AE-EMR幅值与应力正相关,岩样信号集中度高于煤样;冲击显现前,小时级地音能量、脉冲数呈M型双峰演化,峰值达10³ J级;天级微震能量、频次呈V型前兆,峰值达10⁵ J级,冲击当日骤升至10⁷ J级;EMR强度随距工作面距离的变化呈M型分布,高值区位于10~30及70 m,煤层EMR强度较顶底板高20%~35%,与帮鼓特征吻合。近直立特厚煤层微震频次与其他煤层相近,但能量V型演化模式显著不同。

关键词: 近直立特厚煤层, 冲击地压, 声发射(AE), 微震, 电磁辐射(EMR)

Abstract:

To address the problems that rock bursts in near vertical extra-thick coal seams are dominated by side heave and that existing acoustic-electromagnetic precursor criteria are mostly derived from near-horizontal or gently inclined coal seams with insufficient applicability, with the near vertical extra-thick coal seam of Wudong Coal Mine (dip angle 87°, average thickness 48.87 m) as the research object, synchronous uniaxial compression experiments combining AE and EMR were conducted on coal and rock samples, together with field multi-parameter monitoring of geoacoustic (GA), microseismic (MS), and EMR signals. Comparisons were also made with other typical coal seams at different dip angles. The results show that at the laboratory scale, AE-EMR amplitudes are positively correlated with stress, and the signal concentration of rock samples is higher than that of coal samples. Before the rock burst occurrence, the hourly GA energy and pulse count exhibit an M-shaped double-peak evolution, with the peak energy reaching the order of 10³ J. The daily MS energy and frequency show a V-shaped precursor, with the peak energy reaching the order of 10⁵ J, surging to 10⁷ J on the day of rock burst. The EMR intensity presents an M-shaped distribution with increasing distance from the working face, with high-value zones located at 10-30 m and 70 m. The EMR intensity of the coal seam is 20%-35% higher than those of the roof and floor, consistent with the side heave characteristics. The MS frequency of the near vertical extra-thick coal seam is similar to those of other coal seams, whereas the V-shaped evolution pattern of MS energy is significantly distinct.

Key words: near vertical extra-thick coal seam, rock burst, acoustic emission (AE), microseism, electromagnetic radiation (EMR)

中图分类号:

闫瑞兵, 李康, 蒋新军, 宋大钊, 杜涛涛. 近直立特厚煤层破坏过程声电特征研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(S1): 67-74.

Yan Ruibing, Li Kang, Jiang Xinjun, Song Dazhao, Du Taotao. AE and EMR characteristics of failure process of near vertical extra-thick coal seam[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(S1): 67-74.

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煤矿名称	煤层倾角/ (°)	煤层倾角类型	冲击显现前兆时间/d	前兆能量变化趋势	前兆能量峰值/J	冲击当日能量/J	前兆频次变化趋势	前兆频次	冲击当日频次
乌东矿	87	急倾斜	14	V型	10⁵	10⁷	V型	10~20次	10次以下
忻州窑矿	3	近水平	10	N型	2.6×10⁵	3.5×10⁶	U型	15~20次	5次以下
千秋矿	12	缓倾斜	11	下降型	4×10⁶	9×10⁶	下降型	15~25次	10次
老虎台矿	23	缓倾斜	4	上升型	5×10⁶	7×10⁶	上升型	4次以下	8次

煤矿名称	煤层倾角/(°)	煤层倾角类型	电磁辐射仪	EMR变化趋势	EMR高强度区距工作面距离
乌东矿	87	急倾斜	KBD5	M型	10~30和70 m附近
忻州窑矿	3	近水平	KBD5	下降型	0~20 m
千秋矿	12	缓倾斜	KBD5	上升型	0~50 m
老虎台矿	8	缓倾斜	YDD16	N型	—

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