中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (S1): 92-100.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.S1.0015

• 安全技术与工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

急倾斜巨厚煤层掘进巷道冲击地压致灾机制及卸压调控

刘江峰(), 宋炳霖()   

  1. 国能新疆能源化工有限公司, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830027
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-10 修回日期:2026-04-10 出版日期:2026-06-30
  • 作者简介:

    刘江峰 (1999—),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,本科,工程师,主要从事冲击地压灾害治理方面的工作。E-mail:。

    宋炳霖 (1987—),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,本科,工程师,主要从事冲击地压灾害治理方面的工作。E-mail:。

Disaster-causing mechanism and pressure-relief control of rockbursts in excavation roadways in steeply inclined extra-thick coal seams

Liu Jiangfeng(), Song Binglin()   

  1. CHN Energy Xinjiang Energy Co., Ltd., Urumqi Xinjiang 830027, China
  • Received:2026-02-10 Revised:2026-04-10 Published:2026-06-30

摘要:

为解决急倾斜煤层巷道顶板变形这一问题,以乌东煤矿急倾斜煤层巷道掘进为研究对象,通过数值模拟研究动静载作用下巷道围岩动态响应,掌握震动波在急倾斜巨厚煤层条件下的传播特征,揭示急倾斜巨厚煤层巷道掘进冲击地压的致灾机制,明确巷道掘进过程中多源防治对象与关键区域,研究并制定急倾斜煤层巷道掘进冲击地压的防治策略。结果表明:应力波在煤岩界面产生显著反射效应,动载扰动使煤帮水平应力峰值提升至21.8 MPa(增幅25%)。煤帮及巷道底部区域的煤岩损伤程度较高,表明动载作用具有明显的方向性特征,传播影响依次为底部(2.71 m/s)>煤帮(1.26 m/s)>岩帮(0.69 m/s)>顶部。急倾斜巨厚煤层巷道掘进过程中,采空区悬顶和岩柱压撬是静载主源,掘进扰动为主要动载;静载应力与动载扰动的耦合作用是冲击地压发生的关键机制。通过优化巷道支护方案、施加大直径钻孔卸压、注水卸压等技术手段,有效降低了煤岩的冲击倾向性,提高了临界应力,减少围岩能量的积聚。

关键词: 急倾斜巨厚煤层, 掘进巷道, 冲击地压, 卸压, 动静载荷, 多源协同防治策略

Abstract:

To solve the problem of roof deformation in steeply inclined coal seam roadways, this paper took roadway excavation in a steeply inclined coal seam at Wudong Coal Mine as the research object. Numerical simulations were used to investigate the dynamic response of the surrounding rock under dynamic and static loads, determine the propagation characteristics of vibration waves in steeply inclined extra-thick coal seams, reveal the disaster-causing mechanism of rockbursts during roadway excavation in such coal seams, identify multi-source prevention and control targets and key areas during roadway excavation, and develop rockburst prevention and control strategies for roadway excavation in steeply inclined coal seams. The results show that stress waves exhibit a significant reflection effect at the coal-rock interface, and dynamic load disturbance increases the peak horizontal stress of the coal wall to 21.8 MPa, representing an increase of 25%. The degree of damage to the coal and rock in the coal wall and roadway floor is relatively high, indicating that the effects of dynamic loads exhibit obvious directional characteristics. The propagation effects are ranked as follows: floor (2.71 m/s) > coal wall (1.26 m/s) > rock wall (0.69 m/s) > roof. During roadway excavation in steeply inclined extra-thick coal seams, the suspended roof in the goaf and the compressive and prying effects of rock pillars are the primary sources of static loads, while excavation disturbance is the primary source of dynamic loads. The coupling of static stress and dynamic load disturbance is the key mechanism underlying the occurrence of rockbursts. Optimizing the roadway support scheme and implementing technical measures such as large-diameter borehole pressure relief and water-injection pressure relief can effectively reduce the rockburst tendency of the coal and rock, increase the critical stress, and reduce energy accumulation in the surrounding rock. This study provides important theoretical support and a reference for engineering practice in the prevention and control of rockburst under similar geological and mining conditions.

Key words: steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam, excavation roadway, rockburst, pressure relief, dynamic and static loads, multi-source collaborative prevention and control strategy

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