Real-time fire evacuation system under smart city background

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.02.2798

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to reduce the life threat and property loss caused by fire to urban residents as much as possible, the construction idea of smart city fire real-time evacuation system based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology is proposed. The system consists of a perception layer, a data processing layer and an application layer. The perception layer mainly collects and transmits fire information and personnel location information in the building in real time through NB-IoT technology and UWB technology. The data processing layer is mainly based on Floyd algorithm and building topology diagram to plan the optimal evacuation path for personnel. The application layer guides personnel to evacuate according to the evacuation path planning results. Taking the academic exchange center in the demonstration area of smart city construction in Tianjin as an example, the layout principle of UWB base station was analyzed in the densely populated area, the evacuation path was planned by Floyd algorithm based on topology of the building plane structure and the location of fire hazard sources in the building, and the evacuation route was displayed by three-dimensional model. The Pathfinder software was used to simulate the evacuation situation before and after optimization, and the evacuation time and evacuation distance were compared. The results showed that the distance of the path chosen by the free evacuation was relatively long. The evacuation distance after optimization of the algorithm was 34.9 m, which was shortened by 11 m, and the evacuation time was 30.9 m, which was reduced by 9.7 s, which improved the evacuation efficiency.

Key words: smart city, real-time fire evacuation system, evacuation path, narrow band-internet of things(NB-IoT) technology, ultra-wideband(UWB), Floyd algorithm

ZHONG Wei, YU Jiayi. Real-time fire evacuation system under smart city background[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(2): 179-184.

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路径规划方式	人员所在位置	危险所在位置	安全出口位置	疏散路径	疏散距离/m	疏散时间/s
未使用算法	5R7	5Z7	5E1	5R7→5Z15→5Z14→5Z13→5Z12→5Z9→5Z12 →5Z11→5Z10→5Z3→5Z2→5Z5→5Z6→5E1	45.9	40.6
使用算法	5R7	5Z7	5E1	5R7→5Z15→5Z14→5Z13→5Z12→5Z11 →5Z10→5Z3→5Z2→5Z5→5Z6→5E1	34.9	30.9