Study on transient migration characteristics of leaking bubble in gas well annulus

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.11.1653

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of gas leakage on annular zone pressure, a prediction model of bubble transient migration was established based on the characteristics of gas migration in the gas well, considering buoyancy, gravity, viscous resistance, additional mass force, and Basset force. Based on the similarity principle, an experimental device for the transient migration of annular gas was designed to study the transient transport characteristics of gas under different injection volumes. The reliability of the bubble transient transport model was verified by the experimental results. Sensitivity analysis was carried out for the process of sustained casing pressure in typical gas wells. The results demonstrate that the key factors impacting bubble migration speed are bubble diameter, leakage pressure, temperature, and liquid density. The higher the bubble migration rate is, the shorter the sustained annular pressure recovery time is, and the annulus pressure of a gas well cannot be discharged in time, resulting in lower well safety.

Key words: gas well, sustained casing pressure, gas leakage, bubble migration, transient migration

DING Liangliang, ZHU Hai, CHEN Wenkang, LIU Yonghui, ZHANG Qiang. Study on transient migration characteristics of leaking bubble in gas well annulus[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(11): 89-96.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1

Fig.2

Tab.1

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Tab.2

Fig.8

Tab.3

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

References 21

[1]	DUGUID A, GUO B, NYGAARD R, et al. Monitoring well integrity at the Cranfield field phase III CO₂ storage project[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2021, 109: 1-27.
[2]	ZHANG Peng, GUO Boyun, LIU Ning. Numerical simulation of CO₂ migration into cement sheath of oil/gas wells[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2021, 94: 1-8.
[3]	DING Liangliang, RAO Jiyang, XIA Chengyu. Transient prediction of annular pressure between packers in high-pressure low-permeability wells during high-rate, staged acid jobs[J]. Oil and Gas Science and Technology, 2020, 75: 49-60. doi: 10.2516/ogst/2020046
[4]	李新宏, 韩子月, 陈国明, 等. 水下气体泄漏海面火灾后果预测及评估[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(12): 117-122. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.12.019
	LI Xinhong, HAN Ziyue, CHEN Guoming, et al. Prediction and assessment of offshore fire resulting from subsea gas release[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(12): 117-122. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.12.019
[5]	XU Rong, WOJTANOWICZ A K. Pressure buildup test analysis in wells with sustained casing pressure[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2017, 38: 608-620. doi: 10.1016/j.jngse.2016.12.033
[6]	孙兆鑫. 气井环空压力恢复与气泡动态浮升行为研究[D]. 成都: 西南石油大学, 2018.
	SUN Zhaoxin. Study on annular pressure recovery of gas well and floating dynamic behavior of gas bubble[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Petroleum University, 2018.
[7]	WASSIM A, SONIA B, HABIB B A, et al. Study of the rise of a single/multiple bubbles in quiescent liquids using the VOF method[J]. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2019, 41(6): 272-292. doi: 10.1007/s40430-019-1759-y
[8]	张智, 向世林, 冯潇霄. 深水油气井非稳态测试环空压力预测模型[J]. 天然气工业, 2020, 40 (12): 80-87.
	ZHANG Zhi, XIANG Shilin, FENG Xiaoxiao, et al. An annulus pressure prediction model for deepwater oil & gas wells during unsteady-state testing[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2020, 40 (12): 80-87.
[9]	ZHANG Bo, XU Zhixiong, LU Nu, et al. Characteristics of sustained annular pressure and fluid distribution in high pressure and high temperature gas wells considering multiple leakage of tubing string[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020, 196: 1-17.
[10]	TAO C C, ROSENBAUM E, KUTCHKO B G, et al. A brief review of gas migration in oilwell cement slurries[J]. Energies, 2021, 14 (9): 1-22. doi: 10.3390/en14010001
[11]	HSU C Y, FERNG Y M. Experimentally investigating bubble dynamics and pressure drop for bubbly upflow in a vertical annular channel[J]. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2021, 164:1-9.
[12]	LUO Xiao, CHEN Tao, XIAO Wei, et al. The dynamics of a bubble in the internal fluid flow of a pipeline[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2022, 34(11): 1-13.
[13]	贺飞飞, 张润旭, 康天合, 等. 基于微元法的低渗透储层定向射孔转向压裂裂缝动态扩展模型[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2020, 39 (4): 782-792.
	HE Feifei, ZHANG Runxu, KANG Tianhe, et al. Dynamic propagation model for oriented perforation steering fracturing cracks in low permeability reservoirs based on microelement method[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2020, 39 (4): 782-792.
[14]	张志友, 曹延哲, 蒋永馨, 等. 高温大气泡与艉流微气泡间聚并作用研究[J]. 船舶力学, 2020, 24(9): 1103-1111.
	ZHANG Zhiyou, CAO Yanzhe, JIANG Yongxin, et al. Coalescence between thermal bubble and warship wake microbubble[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2020, 24(9): 1103-1111.
[15]	李文强, 焦守华, 唐珂, 等. 静水中单气泡运动特性实验研究[J]. 原子能科学技术, 2020, 54 (9): 1652-1659. doi: 10.7538/yzk.2019.youxian.0649
	LI Wenqiang, JIAO Souhua, TANG Ke, et al. Experimental investigation on characteristic of single bubble motion in stagnant water[J]. Atomic Energy Science and Technology, 2020, 54 (9): 1652-1659. doi: 10.7538/yzk.2019.youxian.0649
[16]	SHAGAPOV V, CHIGLINTSEVA A, RUSINOV A. Bubble migration during hydrate formation[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 2015, 56: 202-210. doi: 10.1134/S0021894415020054
[17]	刘畅, 苏腾, 周汝, 等. 修正高斯模型下气体泄漏源项信息反算研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(7): 98-104. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.07.0741
	LIU Chang, SU Teng, ZHOU Ru, et al. Investigation on back-calculation of leakage source information of gas based on modified Gaussian model[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(7): 98-104. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.07.0741
[18]	DOMINIQUE L, AZEDDINE R, CLAIRE S, et al. Basset-Boussinesq history force of a fluid sphere[J]. Physical Review Fluids, 2019, 4 (7): 1-11.
[19]	黄社华, 程良骏. 非均匀流场中变速运动颗粒所受Basset力的性质及其数值计算[J]. 水利学报, 1996, 27 (7): 54-60.
	HUANG Shehua, CHENG Liangjun. The properties and calculation of Basset force acting on a particle accelerating in a Non-uniform flow field[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1996, 27 (7): 54-60.
[20]	王永岩, 范夕燕, 甘小南, 等. 温度和压力作用下软岩流变相似理论的研究及应用[J]. 应用力学学报, 2017, 34(6):1193-1199.
	WANG Yongyan, FAN Xiyan, GAN Xiaonan, et al. Research and application of similarity theory for creep law under the action of temperature and pressure[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2017, 34(6):1193-1199.
[21]	RAYMOND F, ROSANT J. A numerical and experimental study of the terminal velocity and shape of bubbles in viscous liquids[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2000, 55(5): 943-955. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2509(99)00385-1

名称	实际井参数	试验参数
套管直径/mm	201.7	50
套管壁厚/mm	15.12	4
管柱斜度/(°)	90	90
高度/m	4 038.7	10
弹性模量/MPa	210	3.0

变量	数值
泄漏点压力/MPa	3
温度/℃	20
环空保护液密度/(kg·m^-3)	998
气泡初始直径/mm	6
表面张力/(N·m^-1)	0.071

变量	数值
泄漏点压力/MPa	70
温度/℃	100
环空保护液密度/(kg·m^-3)	998
气泡初始直径/mm	2
表面张力/(N·m^-1)	0.071
油管外径/mm	114.3
生产套管内径/mm	171.45
天然气相对密度	0.62