Research on acid-activated metakaolin-urea-formaldehyde resin composite cementitious sealing materials

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.08.1440

Abstract

Abstract:

To address coal spontaneous combustion disasters caused by air leakage in underground coal mines, an acid-activated metakaolin-urea-formaldehyde resin composite cementitious material, GM-3 was proposed. The material was developed to overcome the shrinkage cracking and alkaline corrosion of traditional alkali-activated geopolymer sealing materials, as well as the dependence of phosphate-activated systems on heat curing. By incorporating nano-Al₂O₃-modified melamine-urea-formaldehyde foaming resin (AMUF), the material solidified at room-temperature. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and sealing performance were investigated. The results show that GM-3 can be cured at room temperature when the AMUF content is 3%. The 7 and 14-day compressive strengths reach 8.77 MPa and 14.05 MPa, respectively. These values are significantly higher than those of phosphate-activated metakaolin-based geopolymer(MKG). Thermogravimetric(TG) analysis shows that GM-3 has a higher char yield and better thermal stability. Flame retardancy tests show that the peak heat release rate(PHRR) and total smoke release(TSR) are greatly reduced. GM-3 cannot be ignited, indicating excellent fire safety. In simulated air leakage sealing tests, the average sealing efficiency of GM-3 exceeds 90% under airflow rates of 1-6 L/min and pressures of 0.05-0.2 MPa. Its performance is better than that of the comparative lignin-modified alkali-activated coal-based solid-waste geopolymer cementitious sealing material (LFGS).

Key words: acid-activated, metakaolin, geopolymer, urea-formaldehyde resin, composite cementitious, sealing material, air leakage sealing

CLC Number:

X936

Dou Guolan, Wang Jingyu, Huo Shuai, Chen Peng, Zhong Xiaoxing, Tang Furong. Research on acid-activated metakaolin-urea-formaldehyde resin composite cementitious sealing materials[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(8): 114-123.

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序号	偏高岭土/g	H₃PO₄/g	水灰比	酸灰比
1	60	14.12	0.35	0.2
2	60	14.12	0.40	0.2
3	60	14.12	0.45	0.2
4	60	14.12	0.50	0.2
5	60	3.53	0.35	0.05
6	60	7.06	0.35	0.10
7	60	10.59	0.35	0.15
8	60	17.65	0.35	0.25

样品	θ_30% /℃	θ_50% /℃	θ_65%/℃	残余质量/%
MKG	68.3 ± 1.5	100.8 ± 1.8	185.3 ± 1.1	82.2 ± 0.6
GM-3	84.1 ± 2.1	160.7 ± 2.3	292.4 ± 1.3	85.1 ± 0.7

试样	TTI/s	THR / (MJ/m²)	PHRR / (kW/m²)	FPI/ (s·m²/kW)
GM-3	∞	1.5	3.6	∞
AMUF	68	5.6	24.3	2.8