Optimal evacuation path planning under dynamic spreading of cruise ship fire

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.01.0246

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem that it is difficult for people to evacuate safely in a short time due to the complexity of the internal structure of the cruise ship, narrow passage and large flow of people during the emergency evacuation process of cruise fire, A^* algorithm based on fire spread prediction data was applied to solve the evacuation path of cruise fire. First, a two-dimensional network topology was established according to the cruise data in the SAFEGUARD project. The thresholds of three indicators, namely CO volume fraction, smoke visibility and temperature, of nodes in the network were defined. The dynamic spread of fire based on the location and degree of fire was simulated, and the danger of each node in the evacuation network was determined in real-time. Then, combined with the real-time data of fire spread, the A^* algorithm was improved and the optimal evacuation path was solved. Finally, the same cruise ship was used as a scene to simulate the evacuation process under the dynamic spread of cruise fire to analyze the feasibility of the evacuation path. The results show that the path obtained by the improved A^* algorithm can successfully bypass the dangerous nodes in the network that are greatly affected by fire, and the evacuation time for 700 people is 50% shorter than that obtained by the basic A^* algorithm.

Key words: cruise ship fire, emergency evacuation, path planning, fire spread, A^* algorithm

ZHANG Huajun, LIU Yang, ZHU Zhenyu, CHEN Boyu, YAN Mi, LUO Xin. Optimal evacuation path planning under dynamic spreading of cruise ship fire[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(1): 183-190.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Tab.1

Fig.4

Tab.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

Fig.5

Tab.5

Time required for fire to reach all nodes

节点i	$D i$ /s	节点i	$D i$ /s
0	88	12	Null
1	89	13	Null
2	94	14	Null
3	102	15	Null
4	97	16	Null
5	Null	17	Null
6	0	18	Null
7	94	19	Null
8	Null	20	Null
9	123	21	Null
10	Null	22	Null
11	130	—	—

Tab.5

Tab.6

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

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性别	年龄/ 岁	身高/ m	体质量/ kg	速度/ (m·s^-1)
男	20~30	1.7	60	1.5
女	20~30	1.6	52	1.35
男	31~40	1.7	60	1.35
女	31~40	1.6	52	1.22
男	41~50	1.69	60.5	1.22
女	41~50	1.59	52.5	1.10
男	51~60	1.68	61	1.10
女	51~60	1.58	53	1.00

CO体积分数/%	人体反应症状
0.05	暴露1 h对人体影响不大
0.1	暴露1 h不舒服
0.5	20~30 min后有死亡危险
1.0	1~2 min后死亡

环境温度/℃	人的忍受时间/min
50	>60
70	60
[100, 130]	15
[200, 250]	5

烟雾可见度/m	对人员逃生速度的影响
[0, 0.6]	极高
(0.6, 3)	较高
[3, +∞)	无影响

节点i	最优路径	疏散时间/s
0	[0, 2, 3, 7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	83.7
1	[1, 3, 7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	74.1
2	[2, 3, 7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	77.5
3	[3, 7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	69
4	[4, 0, 2, 3, 7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	93.5
5	[5, 4, 0, 2, 3, 7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	98.7
6	[6, 9, 13, 14]	48.4
7	[7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	58.9
8	[8, 7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	62.9
9	[9, 13, 14]	14.4
10	[10, 9, 13, 14]	19.2
11	[11, 15, 13, 14]	24.9
12	[12, 11, 15, 13, 14]	29.7
13	[13, 14]	6.8
14	[14]	0
15	[15, 13, 14]	17.3
16	[16, 13, 14]	26.2
17	[17, 16, 13, 14]	34.1
18	[18, 17, 16, 13, 14]	60.6
19	[19, 18, 17, 16, 13, 14]	68.9
20	[20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 13, 14]	95.6
21	[21, 18, 17, 16, 13, 14]	92.6
22	[22, 15, 13, 14]	22.1