Allocation of traffic police resources based on queuing theory

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.0153

Abstract

Abstract:

To alleviate the contradiction between limited traffic police resources and the untimely handling of road traffic accidents, a traffic police resource optimization allocation approach was proposed based on a queuing theory model under a grid management mode of roads. Firstly, license plate recognition data obtained from the city's road network bayonet system was used to extract historical travel trajectories of vehicles and develop a similarity model between road segments. Secondly, the spectral clustering algorithm was adopted to cluster the road segments and form a set with the highest association between the segments, serving as the result of the road network division. Then, for the real-time traffic accidents within the grid, a queuing theory model was further proposed to calculate the minimum number of police officers required for each grid, along with an optimized allocation scheme for police resources. Finally, the proposed method was validated in Yinzhou District of Ningbo City. The results showed that the proposed optimization method for police allocation reduced the number of police officers by 18.18% and patrol mileage by 10.87% compared to the traditional method of dispatching police officers as soon as an accident occurs. Furthermore, the proposed method increased the accident handling response speed by 10.68%, demonstrating excellent optimization performance.

Key words: queuing theory, traffic police, resource allocation, traffic accidents, grid-based management

CLC Number:

X951交通运输安全

HU Zhenghua, ZHOU Jibiao, GUO Xu, MA Changxi. Allocation of traffic police resources based on queuing theory[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(7): 178-185.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Index names and their interpretations

类目	变量名	含义
索引	S	网格(即交警中队的管辖区域)
	I	网格的总数
	i	网格S的索引
	J	时间窗内网格S_i总共发生的交通事故数量
	j	在网格S_i内发生事故的索引
	k	在网格S_i内派遣警员的索引
参数	$Z (S i)$	网格S_i需要派遣的警员数
	$A j S i$	网格S_i内发生的第j起事故
	L	警员当前所在的位置
	$v -$ /(km·h^-1)	警员的平均行驶速度
	P(A,B)/km	地点A与B之间的最短路径
	$C k S i$	第k个警员在网格S_i内累计处理的交通事故数
	N⁺	非零自然数集合
	Q	需要处理的交通事故队列
	T/h	处理一起事故的平均时间
	T(M)/h	处理“物损事故”所需的时间
	T(C)/h	处理“伤亡事故”所需的时间
	T( $A c S i$ ,k)/h	网格S_i内第k个警员处理完第c 起事故还需要的时间

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 3

Comparision of traffic police dispatch plans between queuing theory and traditional model

序号	发生时间	出警的警员编号		所属网格		出行距离/m		到达时间			结束时间				等待时间
序号	发生时间	(a)	(b)	所属网格		(a)	(b)	(a)	(b)		(a)		(b)		(a)	(b)
1	7:10:00	1	1	网格1		899	899	7:11:04	7:11:04		7:31:04		7:31:04		0:01:04	0:01:04
2	7:20:00	2	2	网格1		7 075	7 075	7:28:29	7:28:29		7:38:29		7:38:29		0:08:29	0:08:29
3	7:24:00	3	3	网格1		2 633	2 633	7:27:09	7:27:09		7:37:09		7:37:09		0:03:09	0:03:09
4	7:38:00	6	7	网格4		6 336	6 336	7:45:36	7:45:36		7:55:36		7:55:36		0:07:36	0:07:36
5	7:49:00	8	9	网格3		2 441	2 441	7:51:55	7:51:55		8:01:55		8:01:55		0:02:55	0:02:55
6	8:00:00	4	5	网格2		6 487	6 487	8:07:47	8:07:47		8:17:47		8:17:47		0:07:47	0:07:47
7	8:01:00	9	10	网格3		2 895	2 895	8:04:28	8:04:28		8:14:28		8:14:28		0:03:28	0:03:28
8	8:04:00	6	8	网格4		3 226	5 852	8:07:52	8:11:01		8:17:52		8:21:01		0:03:52	0:07:01
9	8:04:00	8	11	网格3		2 602	3 312	8:07:07	8:07:58		8:17:07		8:17:58		0:03:07	0:03:58
10	8:10:00	5	6	网格5		4 651	4 651	8:15:35	8:15:35		8:25:35		8:25:35		0:05:35	0:05:35
11	8:15:00	9	9	网格3		4 860	3 630	8:20:50	8:19:21		8:30:50		8:29:21		0:05:50	0:04:21
12	8:20:00	8	10	网格3		2 338	3 410	8:22:48	8:24:05		8:32:48		8:34:05		0:02:48	0:04:05
13	8:22:00	1	1	网格1		5 955	5 635	8:29:09	8:28:45		8:39:09		8:38:45		0:07:09	0:06:45
14	8:24:00	6	7	网格4	1 106		5 479	8:25:19		8:30:34		8:45:19		8:50:34	0:01:19	0:06:34
15	8:30:00	2	2	网格1	4 945		2 633	8:35:56		8:33:09		8:45:56		8:43:09	0:05:56	0:03:09
16	8:32:00	9	11	网格3	7 494		4 116	8:40:59		8:36:56		8:50:59		8:46:56	0:08:59	0:04:56
17	8:35:00	7	8	网格4	4 504		4 504	8:40:24		8:40:24		8:50:24		8:50:24	0:05:24	0:05:24
18	8:36:00	3	3	网格1	3 920		4 781	8:40:42		8:41:44		8:50:42		8:51:44	0:04:42	0:05:44
19	8:40:00	1	4	网格1	4 213		1 633	8:45:03		8:41:57		8:55:03		8:51:57	0:05:03	0:01:57
20	8:40:00	4	5	网格2	15		6 503	8:40:01		8:47:48		8:50:01		8:57:48	0:00:01	0:07:48
21	8:46:00	5	6	网格5	1 850		5 353	8:48:13		8:52:25		8:58:13		9:02:25	0:02:13	0:06:25
—				出行总路程	80 445		90 258	—						平均等待时间	0:04:36	0:05:09
—				提升占比/%	—		10.87	—						提升占比/%	—	10.68

Table 3

Fig.4

Fig.5

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序号	约束条件的内容
1	根据宁波市公安局交通警察局的规定 (简称规定),交警在接到当事人报警后, 须在10 min之内到达现场
2	每一位交警不跨格网执行任务
3	根据规定,每位交警一天最多只能处理8起事故
4	根据规定,物损事故按照10 min处理完毕, 伤亡事故按照20 min处理完毕
5	如果发生伤亡事故,直接插入Q的头部优先处理;否则按照发生的时间顺序进入Q