Automatic processing mechanism of accident emergency information: evidence from ERPs

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.09.0984

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to uncover the underlying mechanisms of emergency information processing during accidents and to improve the emergency response capabilities of individuals, thereby reducing injury severity. Based on theories of implicit memory and automatic processing, ERPs technology was employed in behavioral and neural experiments. The "reaction time" and "accuracy" were used as measures of information processing capacity. The ERP components P200 (P2), P300 (P3), and Late Positive Potential (LPP) were used to reflect the participants' cognitive and emotional processing. This study explored the automatic processing mechanisms of emergency information and identified its influencing factors. The results show that in frequent accident scenarios, experience-guided implicit memory enhances early attention sensitivity. This reduces conscious brain processing, automates information processing, and demands fewer cognitive resources. Conversely, infrequent accident scenarios trigger panic emotions, increase cognitive resource consumption, lead to cognitive fixation and attachment, and inhibit the automation of information processing.

Key words: accident emergency information, information processing, implicit memory, automatic processing, event-related potentials (ERPs)

CLC Number:

X928.04事故救护

HAN Yu, LE Yin, LI Jiameng. Automatic processing mechanism of accident emergency information: evidence from ERPs[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(9): 236-243.

Figures/Tables 6

References 24

[1]	LI Heng, LU Miao, XU Shuqian, et al. Proactive behavior-based safety management for construction safety improvement[J]. Safety Science, 2015, 75: 107-117.
[2]	DANIELLE B, SARA V, TESFAYE B, et al. Communication, information seeking, and evacuation plans for a disaster using community assessment for public health emergency response in the GulF Coast counties of Alabama and Mississippi[J]. Journal of Emergency Management, 2013, 11(3): 213-223.
[3]	王建豪, 马怀斌, 文龙龙, 等. 应急场景下个体生理指标变化研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2014, 10(6):122-126.
	WANG Jianhao, MA Huaibin, WEN Longlong, et al. Study on changes of individual physiological indexes under emergency condition[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2014, 10(6):122-126.
[4]	李琰, 毛钰, 张燕. 建筑工人应急行为影响机制[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(10):1-7. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2021.10.001
	LI Yan, MAO Yu, ZHANG Yan. Influence mechanism of construction workers' emergency behavior[J] China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(10):1-7. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2021.10.001
[5]	朱伟, 王亚飞, 张鹏, 等. 突发事件下多路径行人通行行为模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(7):151-156. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.07.021
	ZHU Wei, WANG Yafei, ZHANG Peng, et al. Model of pedestrian behavior in multi-path evacuation in emergencies[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(7):151-156. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.07.021
[6]	KIEFER M. Executive control over unconscious cognition: attentional sensitization of unconscious information processing[J]. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2012, 6: 61-72. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00061 pmid: 22470329
[7]	林无忌, 林静远, 李晓梦, 等. 认知疲劳效应对内隐记忆与外显记忆的影响[J]. 心理科学, 2019, 42(6):1282-1288.
	LIN Wuji, LIN Jingyuan, LI Xiaomeng, et al. Effects of cognitive fatigue on implicit memory and explicit memory[J]. Journal of Psychological Science, 2019, 42(6):1282-1288.
[8]	朱瑜, 朱琪琪, 许翀, 等. 100 m跑精英运动员专长领域的听觉认知加工自动化特征:一项ERP研究[J]. 上海体育学院学报, 2023, 47(2):60-75.
	ZHU Yu, ZHU Qiqi, XU Chong, et al. Automation of auditory cognitive processing in 100 m sprint elites' expertise domain:an ERP study[J]. Journal of Shanghai University of Sport, 2023, 47(2):60-75.
[9]	徐帅, 姜帆, 吴怡. 听觉重复启动对学生外语发音质量的影响[J]. 现代交际, 2021(1):213-214.
[10]	韩豫, 李家猛, 顾婧. 突发事故情境中内隐记忆驱动的应急决策行为特性分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(10):234-239. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.10.2114
	HAN Yu, LI Jiameng, GU Jing. Analysis of emergency decision-making behavior characteristics driven by implicit memory in the context of safety accidents[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(10):234-239. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.10.2114
[11]	连帅磊, 曹晓萱, 吴欣格, 等. 知识囤积、消极情绪与大学生认知失败的关系:反刍思维的催化作用[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2023, 31(3):677-681.
	LIAN Shuailei, CAO Xiaoxuan, WU Xin'ge, et al. Knowledge hoarding, negative affect and cognitive failures in college students: the aggravating role of rumination[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2023, 31(3):677-681.
[12]	张玉荣, 牛媛媛, 孙彩红, 等. 情绪唤醒对联结记忆的影响:联结对应关系的作用[J]. 心理科学, 2024, 47(2):281-289.
	ZHANG Yurong, NIU Yuanyuan, SUN Caihong, et al. Emotional arousal and associative memory: the role of combinatorial mapping[J]. Journal of Psychological Science, 2024, 47(2):281-289.
[13]	JIANG Shixiang, QU Changda, WANG Fengjun, et al. Using event-related potential P300 as an electrophysiological marker for differential diagnosis and to predict the progression of mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis[J]. Neurological Sciences, 2015, 36(7):1105-1112. doi: 10.1007/s10072-015-2099-z pmid: 25663086
[14]	郭丰波, 韦义平, 高宇, 等. 背景任务对前瞻记忆策略加工的影响:一项ERPs研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2017, 15(1):75-82.
	GUO Fengbo, WEI Yiping, GAO Yu, et al. The affect of ongoing activity on the strategical processing of prospective memory: an ERPs investigation[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2017, 15(1):75-82.
[15]	李雨桐, 李璇, 岳泽明, 等. 抑郁倾向个体对言语情绪信息的加工偏向[J]. 心理学报, 2025, 57(6):1041-1055. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1041
	LI Yutong, LI Xuan, YUE Zeming. et al. The processing bias of verbal emotional information in depression prone individuals[J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2025, 57(6):1041-1055. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1041
[16]	韩豫, 顾婧, 李家猛. 工作强度变化触发的情绪波动及其对事故倾向行为的影响[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2023, 23(12):4410-4416.
	HAN Yu, GU Jing, LI Jiameng. Emotional fluctuation triggered by work intensity change and its influence on accident-prone behavior[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2023, 23(12):4410-4416.
[17]	PAOLA L, MELISSA I D, SEBASTIANO M, et al. Fire emergency evacuation from a school building using an evolutionary virtual reality platform[J]. Buildings, 2022, 12(2):223-223.
[18]	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 关于2020年房屋市政工程生产安全事故情况的通报[EB/OL]. (2021-05-21). https://www.mohurd.gov.cn/index.html.
[19]	BEHROOZMAND R, KARVELIS L, LIU Hanjun, et al. Vocalization-induced enhancement of the auditory cortex responsiveness during voice F0 feedback perturbation[J]. Clinical Neurophysiology, 2009, 120(7):1303-1312. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.04.022 pmid: 19520602
[20]	李恒平, 何胜昔, 刘正奎. 快速阅读训练对基于视觉定向搜索的注意力影响:ERP研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(1):78-84.
	LI Hengping, HE Shengxi, LIU Zhengkui. ERPs study on the effect of fast reading training on attention based on visual beam search[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2020, 18(1):78-84.
[21]	LIN Zhiwei, MENG Yin, LIN Wei. Conditional automaticity: interference effects on the implicit memory retrieval process[J]. Psychological Research, 2021, 85(1): 223-237.
[22]	陈圣栋, 陈永强, 高伟, 等. 认知加工的自动化现象:从二分法到渐进观[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(9):1556-1563. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.01556
	CHEN Shengdong, CHEN Yongqiang, GAO Wei, et al. The automaticity in cognitive processing: from dichotomy to gradual view[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2019, 27(9):1556-1563. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.01556
[23]	郝红勋, 卫宗敏. HUD状态下飞行员视觉注意资源分配机制研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2019, 15(9):105-109.
	HAO Hongxun, WEI Zongmin. Study on allocation mechanism of visual attention resource for pilots under HUD status[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2019, 15(9):105-109.
[24]	张芳文, 马骁, 马谐. 语言差异对跨通道情绪启动效应的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(4):452-459.
	ZHANG Fangwen, MA Xiao, MA Xie. The influence of language differences on the cross-modal priming effect of emotion[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2020, 18(4):452-459.