Identification of concealed hazard zones and support optimization in deep mines

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.06.1259

Abstract

Abstract:

Dynamic hazards occur frequently during the mining process of deep metal mines, and existing ground pressure monitoring technologies and static support systems cannot meet the engineering requirements for active hazard prevention and control in complex mining environments. Based on the deep mining engineering practice at the Erlihe lead-zinc mine, a three-dimensional intelligent geoacoustic monitoring network for deep underground environments was established. The dynamic shortest path method (DSPM) was employed to perform seismic-velocity tomography of the rock mass, enabling refined identification of concealed hazard-inducing structures and high-stress anomalous zones in the deep rock mass. Source strength and the vibration response of the surrounding rock were characterized by using geoacoustic event parameters, including magnitude (M), peak ground velocity (PGV), and peak ground acceleration (PGA). By integrating rock-mass quality classification, the dynamic verification of support capacity was achieved. On this basis, differentiated support schemes suitable for varying lithologies and ground-pressure conditions were developed and then applied and validated in a high-risk section of the No. 8 inclined shaft in the mine. The results show that signal interference in complex goaf environments is effectively mitigated by the constructed geoacoustic monitoring network. Stable acquisition of high-frequency weak signals induced by rock mass fracture is realized. The spatiotemporal correlation between high velocity gradient zones and the occurrence of dynamic hazards is revealed by seismic velocity tomography results. which can be used to delineate concealed hazardous zones in deep rock mass. After the implementation of the differentiated support schemes, the frequency of geoacoustic events in the target area is significantly reduced, and large deformation of roadway surrounding rock is effectively controlled.

Key words: deep mines, geoacoustic monitoring, concealed hazardous zones, wave velocity imaging, differentiated support

CLC Number:

X936

Zhao Linhai, Hao Chenliang, Jing Jiayou, Dong Longjun, Wang Chao, Zhang Teng. Identification of concealed hazard zones and support optimization in deep mines[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(6): 102-109.

Figures/Tables 7

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位置	地层岩性	坚硬程度	完整程度	质量分级	典型地声响应特征
矿层上盘	上泥盆统星红铺组铁白云质粉砂质千枚岩	较硬岩	完整	Ⅱ₂	事件空间分布相对分散, 能级以中等为主
矿体	中泥盆统古道岭组统硅化灰岩	较硬岩	完整	Ⅱ₁	事件总体较离散,活动强度整体较低; 以零散中低能级事件为主
矿层下盘	中泥盆统古道岭组中厚层状灰岩	较硬岩	完整	Ⅱ₁	事件总体较离散,时空分布相对稳定; 以中低能级事件为主
局部	断层破碎带	较硬岩	松散	Ⅲ₃	多表现为低能级、高频且密集的微破裂活动,事件空间聚集性增强

动荷载参数范围	砂质千枚岩	层状灰岩	断层破碎带
I级(低动载/远场响应) 低能级M<1.0 响应(PGV/PGA):弱震动响应, 未超过岩体弹性极限	仅喷射混凝土	喷射混凝土+普通锚杆	喷射混凝土+普通锚杆+钢筋网
II级(中动载/过渡区) 中等能级1.0≤M<1.6 响应(PGV/PGA):中等震动响应,局部应力调整剧烈	喷射混凝土+ 普通锚杆	喷射混凝土+ 普通锚杆+钢筋网	喷射混凝土+钢筋拱+ 普通锚杆+钢筋网
III级(高动载/近场冲击) 高震级1.6≤M 响应(PGV/PGA):强震动响应, 具有高波速与高加速度冲击特征	喷射混凝土+普通锚杆+钢筋网	喷射混凝土+钢筋拱+ 普通锚杆+钢筋网	钢架混凝土(钢架两侧立柱及拱顶均为25号b工字钢,全部钢拱架焊接成为整体,浇筑C20混凝土厚度0.1 ~0.3 m)