Preparation and flame retardant properties of silica gel foam

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.05.0114

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to solve problems of low viscosity and poor stability of silica gel foam materials, a silica gel foam was prepared by using composite foaming agent, foam stabilizer, sodium silicate solution and acetic acid as raw materials. Firstly, sol-gel method and orthogonal test were used to study properties of sodium silicate solution's crosslinking system and compound foaming agent. Secondly, gelling time and viscosity of gels at different proportions were tested by Brookfield viscometer, and gel ratio suitable for solid combustibles (wood) was selected. Subsequently, on-site experiments were conducted by utilizing synchronous thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer to study flame retardant properties of gel foam on wood. The results show that silica gel foam has good flame retardant effect on wood combustion. The gel could be bonded to surface of solid combustibles (wood) during gelation process. In air atmosphere, carbon residue rate of wood is almost zero, while that for wood @gel foam system after experiment is about 48.63%, and according to the field wood burning tests, the wood's weight loss rate is 46% higher than gel-treated wood, indicating that the gel foam has better flame retardancy.

Key words: silica gel foam, flame retardancy, thermogravimetric(TG), thermal stability, gelation time

GONG Yawen, LIU Yingchun, JING Mingju, ZHANG Yingnan, ZHANG Bin. Preparation and flame retardant properties of silica gel foam[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(5): 127-133.

Figures/Tables 11

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材料类型	材料种类
阴离子表面活性剂	SDS
	SDBS
	AES
非离子表面活性剂	APG
两性离子表面活性剂	LAB
稳泡剂	CMC-Na
前驱体	硅酸钠溶液(Na₂O(SiO₂)_x·xH₂O; Na₂O, 10.6%, SiO₂, 26.5%)
催化剂	乙酸(分析纯,99.5%)

硅酸钠质量分数/%	乙酸质量分数/%	成胶时间/s	泡沫质量和液泡混合状态
10	20	480	少量液体析出
	30	360	稳定无液体析出
	40	240	稳定无液体析出
	50	1 350	少量液体析出
硅酸钠质量分数/%	乙酸质量分数/%	成胶时间/s	泡沫质量和液泡混合状态
20	20	>1 500	长时间没有硬化
	30	90	稳定无液体析出
	40	120	稳定无液体析出
	50	480	少量液体析出
30	20	260	少量液体析出
	30	160	稳定无液体析出
	40	30	稳定无液体析出
	50	125	少量液体析出
40	20	>1 500	长时间没硬化
	30	160	稳定无液体析出
	40	140	稳定无液体析出
	50	120	少量液体析出