Types and evaluation methods of secondary disasters in coal mines induced by earthquake

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.1362

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of secondary disaster risk in coal mines affected by earthquake disasters, firstly, typical cases have been investigated and analyzed, and the types and damage characteristics of secondary disasters in coal mines have been summarized. Based on the comprehensive elements of "man-machine-environment-management", a three-level indicator system for earthquake-induced secondary disaster risk assessment in coal mines has been constructed. Then, the evaluation method of risk level and importance of hidden danger has been proposed. Finally, a coal mine in a city in Hebei Province was used as an example for practical application. The results show that the types of secondary disasters induced by earthquakes in coal mines can be divided into 6 categories according to the disaster-bearing body. The assessment of the possibility of earthquake-induced coal mine secondary disasters mainly considers six aspects: the earthquake disaster level in the area where the coal mine is located, the risk of coal mine secondary disasters, the hazard of coal seam gas occurrence, the hazard of hydrogeological conditions in the mine, the level of fortification of the disaster-bearing body, and the ability to prevent and mitigate disasters. The assessment of the severity of the consequences mainly considers two aspects: the number of casualties and economic losses that may be caused by disasters. The weak links in seismic fortification of coal mines in this city are ventilation system, shaft support system, and drainage system, which should be targeted to improve seismic fortification level.

Key words: earthquake disaster, earthquake-induced secondary disasters in coal mine, disaster types, risk assessment, importance of hidden dangers

CLC Number:

X915.5

QI Qingjie, LIU Yingjie, SUN Zuo, TONG Ruipeng. Types and evaluation methods of secondary disasters in coal mines induced by earthquake[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(4): 167-174.

Figures/Tables 11

Tab.1

Fig.1

Tab.2

Questionnaire of secondary disasters in coal mines induced by earthquakes

大类	小类	调查内容
致灾因子与煤矿致灾环境	所在区域地震灾害等级	矿井所在区域地震基本烈度、地震动峰值加速度等
	煤矿开拓与采掘布局	矿井地理位置、矿区范围、开拓方式、采掘布置等
	地质构造与水文情况	地质构造、水文地质类型等
	煤矿灾害复杂程度	矿井瓦斯等级、矿井绝对瓦斯涌出量、煤层自然发火等级、冲击地压等
	煤矿次生灾害危险性	地震诱发煤矿次生灾害发生次数
承灾体设防水平	井筒支护抗震设防	地震烈度6、7度时,立井井筒地表以下30 m以内、斜井或平硐埋深20 m以内是否采用钢筋混凝土结构支护;地震烈度8度及以上时,立井井筒地表以下50 m以内、斜井或平硐埋深30 m内是否采用钢筋混凝土结构支护
	安全出口抗震设防	矿井安全出口的梯子间是否采用折返式布置;作为安全出口的立井井筒是否每隔200 m设置一个休息点
	提升系统抗震设防	是否设有应急提升交通罐设备及应急电源;提升机房的桥式起重机是否设有防坠落措施
	通风和抽采系统抗震设防	通风机的基础与电动机基础是否为整体式;通风机房起重机是否设有防坠落措施;瓦斯储罐的进出口管道是否设置切断阀门
	排水系统抗震设防	井下主排水泵房是否预留水泵的位置;是否配置有独立供电系统和排水能力不小于矿井最大涌水量的潜水泵
	供配电系统抗震设防	煤矿电源线路及向重要电力设施供电的架空线路(电缆)路径、变电站是否避开地裂、地层错位等地段;2回供电线路是否沿不同路径架设;不同电源线路之间的距离是否大于倒杆距离;煤矿35 kV及以上电压等级的配电装置是否采用室外式配电装置
防灾减灾能力	监测预警与应急演练	与地方地震监测预警系统联网情况、应急预案编制及演练情况
	人员结构与经济投入	最大在岗人数、人员密度、人员地震防范意识、煤矿产能、固定资产投入、安全生产费用占比
	矿山救援与医疗队伍	应急救援队伍、医疗救护队伍、应急物资储备等

Tab.2

Fig.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

Tab.5

Tab.6

Fig.3

Tab.7

Fig.4

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煤矿生产系统	煤矿承灾体	承灾体主要构筑物及设备
井巷系统	井筒、巷道	井筒、硐室、大巷、采区巷道等
采掘系统	采掘工作面、采掘设备及附属系统	采掘工作面、采煤机、掘进机、支护设备等
通风系统	通风设备、通风构筑物、瓦斯抽采系统	通风机、通风构筑物、瓦斯抽采管路等
机电系统	供配电系统、通信系统	供配电线路、井下变电站所、通信设备等
给排水系统	供水系统、排水系统	中央水泵房、水仓、排水管路等
运输提升系统	运输设备、提升设备	井底车场、罐笼、输送机、矿车、提升机等

指标	权重值	释义	分级	可能性	赋值N
L₁	k₁	从煤矿所在区域地震基本烈度得出等级值	9度及以上	很可能	4
			8度	较可能	3
			7度	较不可能	2
			6度	基本不可能	1
L₂	k₂	从地震诱发煤矿次生灾害历史发生次数得出等级值	建矿以来发生过3次及以上	很可能	4
			建矿以来发生过2次	较可能	3
			建矿以来发生过1次	较不可能	2
			建矿以来从未发生	基本不可能	1
L₃	k₃	从矿井煤层瓦斯赋存条件得出等级值	煤与瓦斯突出矿井	很可能	4
			高瓦斯矿井,绝对瓦斯涌出量>40 m³/min	较可能	3
			高瓦斯矿井,绝对瓦斯涌出量≤40 m³/min	较不可能	2
			低瓦斯矿井	基本不可能	1
L₄	k₄	从矿井水文地质类型得出等级值	水文地质类型为极复杂	很可能	4
			水文地质类型为复杂	较可能	3
			水文地质类型为中等	较不可能	2
			水文地质类型为简单	基本不可能	1
L₅	k₅	从矿井地震灾害承灾体设防隐患情况得出等级值	5项及以上隐患	很可能	4
			3~4项隐患	较可能	3
			1~2项隐患	较不可能	2
			无隐患	基本不可能	1
L₆	k₆	从矿井地震灾害应急救援体系和救护能力得出等级值	未编制地震灾害应急预案,无矿山救护队	很可能	4
			未编制地震灾害应急预案,外聘矿山救护队	较可能	3
			编制地震灾害应急预案,兼职矿山救护队	较不可能	2
			编制地震灾害应急预案,专职矿山救护队	基本不可能	1

指标	权重值	释义	分级	严重性	赋值
D	w_D	地震诱发煤矿次生灾害可能造成的伤亡人数	D≥1 000	很大	4
			600≤D<1 000	大	3
			200≤D<600	一般	2
			0≤D<200	小	1
E/亿元	w_E	地震诱发煤矿次生灾害可能造成的经济损失	E≥15	很大	4
			8≤E<15	大	3
			3≤E<8	一般	2
			0≤E<3	小	1

地震诱发煤矿次生灾害风险等级		后果严重性等级值
地震诱发煤矿次生灾害风险等级		[1, 1.5)	[1.5, 2.5)	[2.5, 3.5)	[3.5, 4]
发生可能性等级值	[1, 1.5)	一般(Ⅳ)	一般(Ⅳ)	较大(Ⅲ)	较大(Ⅲ)
	[1.5, 2.5)	一般(Ⅳ)	较大(Ⅲ)	较大(Ⅲ)	重大(Ⅱ)
	[2.5, 3.5)	较大(Ⅲ)	较大(Ⅲ)	重大(Ⅱ)	特别重大(Ⅰ)
	[3.5, 4]	较大(Ⅲ)	重大(Ⅱ)	特别重大(Ⅰ)	特别重大(Ⅰ)

承灾体类型	隐患数量	J
井筒支护	3	6.75
安全出口	1	1.5
提升系统	1	1.5
通风系统	4	9
排水系统	3	6.75
供配电系统	1	1.5