Physiological indicators and labor intensity of tunnel construction workers at ultra-high altitude

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.1748

Abstract

Abstract:

To assess the labor intensity of construction personnel in ultra-high-altitude tunnels, this study employed theoretical analysis to define evaluation indicators and used wearable devices to monitor physiological changes during various construction phases in a specific ultra-high-altitude tunnel. Subsequently, labor intensity and efficiency of different tasks were calculated. Results reveal that the physiological indicators of different tasks are significantly different. Specifically, cardiovascular loads of the workers installing secondary lining steel bars exceed the hygienic limits, and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) levels of the mechanical operators is lower than the standard values. Labor intensity is classified as Grade V for installing secondary lining steel bars, Grade III for bottom plate construction and arch steel bar binding, and Grade II for installing secondary lining waterproof cloth and for mechanical operations. At an altitude of 4 700 meters, the labor efficiency ranges only from 76% to 88% compared to the plain areas. To match the workload in the plain areas, the labor input must be increased by approximately 13.63% to 31.58% depending on the process.

Key words: ultra-high-altitude tunnel, construction workers, physiological indicators, labor intensity, labor efficiency

CLC Number:

X912安全生理学

ZHAO Shulei, SUN Bing, CHEN Wengan, XU Yinfeng, WANG Junfeng, GUO Chun. Physiological indicators and labor intensity of tunnel construction workers at ultra-high altitude[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(4): 239-246.

Figures/Tables 14

Tab.1

Fig.1

Tab.2

Fig.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

Fig.3

Tab.5

Tab.6

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Tab.7

Fig.7

References 22

[1]	杨枫, 郑金龙, 蔚艳庆, 等. 高海拔隧道施工氧含量变化及供氧方法[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2019, 19(8):282-288.
	YANG Feng, ZHENG Jinlong, WEI Yanqing, et al. Oxygen content change and oxygen supply method in high altitude tunnel construction[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2019, 19(8): 282-288.
[2]	郑金龙, 杨枫, 蔚艳庆, 等. 川西高原公路隧道海拔高度分级[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2019, 19(34):369-375.
	ZHENG Jinlong, YANG Feng, WEI Yanqing, et al. Elevation classification of highway tunnel in western Sichuan plateau[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2019, 19(34): 369-375.
[3]	谌桂舟, 陈政, 琚国全, 等. 高海拔隧道施工劳动强度与供氧浓度关系研究[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2022, 59(1):118-123.
	CHEN Guizhou, CHEN Zheng, JU Guoquan, et al. Study on relationship between labor intensity and oxygen concentration in high-altitude tunnel construction[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2022, 59(1): 118-123.
[4]	GUO Chun, XU Jianfeng, WANG Mingnian, et al. Study on oxygen supply standard for physical health of construction personnel of high-altitude tunnels[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2016, 13(1): DOI:10.3390/ijerph13010064.
[5]	叶玉华, 施红生, 赵亚霖, 等. 青藏铁路施工体力劳动强度分级研究[J]. 铁道劳动安全卫生与环保, 2004, 31(4):181-184.
	YE Yuhua, SHI Hongsheng, ZHAO Yalin, et al. Study on physical labor intensity grading for construction of Qinghai-Tibet railway[J]. Railway Energy Saving & Environmental Protection & Occupational Safety and Health, 2004, 31(4): 181-184.
[6]	李岳, 姬红蓉, 史春波, 等. 高原养路工体力劳动强度调查研究[J]. 高原医学杂志, 2002, 12 (1): 34-37.
	LI Yue, JI Hongrong, SHI Chunbo, et al. A survey of work intensity of road maintenance workers at high altitude[J]. Journal of High Altitude Medicine, 2002, 12 (1): 34-37.
[7]	吴秋军, 于丽, 谢文强, 等. 高海拔隧道施工关键工序劳动强度分级标准研究[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2016, 53(6):44-48, 88.
	WU Qiujun, YU Li, XIE Wenqiang, et al. Study on the labor intensity classification standard for critical constructionprocedures of high-altitude tunnels[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2016, 53 (6): 44-48,88.
[8]	郑鑫, 郭春, 王欣, 等. 圭嘎拉高海拔隧道施工人员体力劳动强度评价[J]. 隧道建设:中英文, 2019, 39(7):1141-1146.
	ZHENG Xin, GUO Chun, WANG Xin, et al. Evaluation on labor intensity of workers in Guigala high-altitude tunnel[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2019, 39 (7): 1141-1146.
[9]	HAN Shurong, ZHOU Di, MA Shiwei, et al. Good vacation and job rotation systems were beneficial for the hemoglobin level of workers at high altitude, a cross-sectional study along the Qinghai Tibet railway, China[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2020, 80: DOI:10.1016/j.ergon.2020.103055.
[10]	LI Zijun, LI Rongrong, XU Yu, et al. Novel oxygen-enrichment method using annular air curtain for single-head roadway of plateau mine[J]. Building Simulation, 2023, 16(7): 1097-1113.
[11]	LI Zijun, LI Rongrong, XU Yu, et al. Study on the oxygen enrichment effect of individual oxygen-supply device in a tunnel of plateau mine[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17(16): DOI:10.3390/ijerph17165934.
[12]	LI Zijun, LI Rongrong, XU Yu, et al. Study on the optimization and oxygen-enrichment effect of ventilation scheme in a blind heading of plateau mine[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022, 19(14): DOI:10.3390/ijerph19148717.
[13]	廖斌, 杨琴, 高慧. 体力劳动强度评价方法研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2013, 9(2): 162-166.
	LIAO Bin, YANG Qin, GAO Hui. Study on methods for classifying intensity of physical work[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2013, 9(2): 162-166.
[14]	朱大年, 王庭槐, 罗自强, 等. 生理学[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2013: 224.
[15]	王万梁. 单项体力劳动强度分级研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2007.
	WANG Wanliang. Research of single item physical labor intensity classification[D]. Ji'nan: Shandong University, 2007.
[16]	TB/T 2607—2006, 铁道行业体力劳动强度分级,[S].
	TB/T 2607-2006, Classification on intensity of physical work for railway industry[S].
[17]	GBZ/T 189.10—2007,工作场所物理因素测量第10部分:体力劳动强度分级[S].
	GBZ/T 189.10-2007, Measurement of physical agents in workplace part 10: classification of physical workload[S].
[18]	游波, 王思奇, 韩巧云, 等. 矿用通风服对人体热生理反应的影响试验研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(6):223-230. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.06.1171
	YOU Bo, WANG Siqi, HAN Qiaoyun, et al. Experimental study on effect of mine ventilation suit on human thermal physiological response[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(6): 223-230. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.06.1171
[19]	张超, 唐仕川, 李东明, 等. 高温高湿环境下人员劳动负荷与疲劳水平试验研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2015, 15(4):176-180.
	ZHANG Chao, TANG Shichuan, LI Dongming, et al. Renovated on-schedule supply regulation model for maritime emergency guarantee resources based on the fuzzy multi-objective programming[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2015, 15(4): 176-180.
[20]	邢娟娟. 井下高温作业的矿工生理、生化测定研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2001, 11(4): 48-51.
	XING Juanjuan. Study on physiological and biological changes for miners exposed to heat in underground pit[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2001, 11(4): 48-51.
[21]	LUFT U C. Aviation physiology: the effects of altitude[M]. Washington D. C: American Society, 1965: 152.
[22]	廖慧敏, 苏红, 朱逸龙, 等. 赤铁矿矿尘在人体呼吸道运动的模拟[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(12):165-173. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.1095
	LIAO Huimin, SU Hong, ZHU Yilong, et al. Movement simulation of hematite ore dust in human respiratory tract[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(12): 165-173. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.1095

体力劳动强度级别	体力劳动强度指数	评价
Ⅰ	I≤15	轻
Ⅱ	15<I≤20	中
Ⅲ	20<I≤25	重
Ⅳ	25<I≤30	很重
Ⅴ	I >30	极重

项目	测量范围	精度
肺通气量/(L·min^-1)	0~300	2%或者0.05 L/min
摄氧量/(L·min^-1)	0~7	3%或者0.05 L/min
呼吸交换率	0.6~2.0	4%

测试工序	测试人数	年龄	BMI/(kg·m^-2)
二衬钢筋布设	5	38.5±5.4	23.3±1.7
二衬防水布铺设	5	44.6±4.5	21.9±1.8
仰拱钢筋绑扎	5	43.0±5.9	21.7±2.6
底板施工	5	40.0±6.8	20.7±1.8
机械操作手	5	36.4±2.9	21.3±2.6

分级	CVL	警报等级	工作方式
Ⅰ	[0,0.30)	无危险	无特别危险
Ⅱ	[0.30,0.60)	注意	建议采取改进措施
Ⅲ	[0.60,1.00)	警戒	短期内采取必要措施
Ⅳ	≥1.00	危险	不允许,必须立即采取必要措施

劳动工序	CVL	警报分级
二衬钢筋布设	1.055±0.14	危险
二衬防水布铺设	0.928±0.09	警戒
底板施工	0.466±0.016	注意
仰拱钢筋绑扎	0.154±0.019	无危险
机械操作手	0.028±0.007	无危险