Active online multi-source monitoring and hierarchical early warning system for LiFePO4 energy storage power station

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.07.0708

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to enhance the accident monitoring effect and early warning efficiency of lithium-ion battery energy storage power stations and reduce the probability of fire occurrence, aiming at the problems existing in prefabricated cabin LiFePO₄ (LFP) battery energy storage power stations, such as passive monitoring delay, inaccurate monitoring of a single parameter, and ambiguous classification of disaster risks, an active online multi-source monitoring and hierarchical early warning system for LFP energy storage power stations was designed. Firstly, the thermal runaway and fire occurrence process of the energy storage power station was analyzed. The characteristic index set of each level was constructed, which is specific: internal temperature (single), internal pressure-sound (battery Pack), H₂ and CO concentration (battery cluster), smoke characteristic image (battery chamber), and plan a detailed monitoring implementation path. Then, based on the four-level early warning corresponding to the four levels, formulate the early warning strategy and clarify the early warning process. Experimental results demonstrated that: This monitoring and early warning system can effectively achieve the early warning of LFP energy storage power stations. Under 2C overcharging conditions, it can give an early warning of the thermal runaway of 32 Ah battery cells 38.9 min in advance. The combustion of the 344 Ah battery module was warned 53.2 min in advance under the condition of 0.5C overcharging. This study proves that this system can provide an effective guarantee for the safe operation of energy storage power stations.

Key words: LiFePO₄ (LFP) battery, energy storage power station, multi-source monitoring, hierarchical early warning, thermal runaway, fire

CLC Number:

X924.4安全控制技术

XU Qingqing, CHEN Jie, GAO Baobin, WANG Yan, WANG Jian, CHENG Zutian. Active online multi-source monitoring and hierarchical early warning system for LiFePO₄ energy storage power station[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(7): 184-191.

Figures/Tables 9

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References 19

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通信方式	特点	适用场景
CAN	可靠性高、实时性强、抗干扰能力强	适用于复杂环境下的短距离通信,如BMS相关组件与电池簇内传感器的连接
LAN	传输速率较高、带宽较大,能迅速完成大量数据的传输与交互	适用于需要进行大规模数据流转的应用场景,例如BMS与EMS之间的数据交互
RS485	接口简单、成本较低,并且可以实现较长距离的通信	适用于长距离且对速率要求不高的稳定通信场景,例如与人机交互相关的连接

特征事件	预警级别	比起火提前时间/min
过充开始	—	—
电池内部温度超50 ℃ 且持续3 s温升速率 ≥0.2 ℃/s	一级	53.2
电池包爆破阀开启	二级	13.2
H₂被探测到	三级	12.9
CO被探测到	三级	12.6
冒烟	四级	2.2
起火	四级	0

Active online multi-source monitoring and hierarchical early warning system for LiFePO₄ energy storage power station

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