Characteristics of temperature field on fire-unexposed surface of window glass under varying fire locations

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.02.0500

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the challenge of locating the fire source in high-rise building fires, a full-scale indoor fire test platform was constructed and a series of tests were conducted to investigate the feasibility of inferring fire locations from the temperature field on the fire-unexposed surface of window glass in high-rise building fires. By varying the fire location and heat release rate, the temperature field on fire-unexposed surface and fire environment parameters were obtained, and the characteristics of fire-unexposed surface temperature field under different scenarios were analyzed. The results show that window glass regions at higher elevations and on the fire side exhibit significantly higher temperature rise rates under different fire location conditions. At 480 s after ignition, the temperature non-uniformity coefficient of fire-unexposed surface under different fire location conditions is not less than 33.52%, and reductions in the distance between fire location and window lead to a marked increase in the temperature non-uniformity coefficient on the fire-unexposed surface. With increasing heat release rate, the coefficient of variation of the increase in temperature rise rates across different glass regions on the fire-unexposed surface generally exceeds 10%, and this disparity becomes more pronounced with increasing heat release rate. When the normal distance between the fire location and the window decreases, window glass at higher elevations and on the fire side exhibits a greater increase in temperature rise rate. When the radial distance between the fire location and the window decreases, the increase in temperature rise rate at higher elevations is significantly greater than that on the fire side.

Key words: fire location, glass windows, fire-unexposed surface, temperature field, fire test

CLC Number:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

LI Zhihan, ZHANG Guowei, WANG Jiangxue, YU Longfei, LI Junyi. Characteristics of temperature field on fire-unexposed surface of window glass under varying fire locations[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(2): 209-217.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 1

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

References 22

[1]	SONG Lizhuo, ZHU Jing, LIU Shaotong, et al. Recent fire safety design of high-rise buildings[J]. Journal of Urban Development and Management, 2022, 1(1):50-57. doi: 10.56578/judm
[2]	WANG Kai, YUAN Yingfeng, CHEN Mengmeng, et al. A study of fire drone extinguishing system in high-rise buildings[J]. Fire, 2022, 75: DOI: 10.3390/fire5030075.
[3]	GE Quanbo, WEN Chenglin, DUAN Shengan. Fire localization based on range-range-range model for limited interior space[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2014, 63(9):2223-2 237.
[4]	CHU Yanyan, LIANG Duan, KODUR V K R, et al. A probabilistic inferential algorithm to determine fire source location based on inversion of multidimensional fire parameters[J]. Fire Technology, 2017, 53:1077-1 100.
[5]	段锁林, 高仁洲, 刘福, 等. 多视点火源三维定位算法研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2018, 37(12):1690-1 693.
	DUAN Suolin, GAO Renzhou, LIU Fu, et al. Study of the fire localization algorithmbased on multi-view[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2018, 37(12):1690-1 693.
[6]	AFSAH L, CHUNG H. Fire detection and spatial localization approach for autonomous suppression systems based on artificial intelligence[J]. Fire Technology, 2023, 59(5):2621-2 644.
[7]	WANG Zilong, ZHANG Tianhang, WU Xiqiang, et al. Predicting transient building fire based on external smoke images and deep learning[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2022, 47: DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103823.
[8]	ELMAHDY A H, DEVINE F. Laboratory infrared thermography technique for window surface temperature measurements[J]. Ashrae Transactions, 2005, 111(1):561-571.
[9]	HOU Fujin, ZHANG Yan, ZHOU Yong, et al. Review on infrared imaging technology[J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14: DOI: 10.3390/su141811161.
[10]	孙昊, 王佰顺. 火源位置的不同对自然排烟的影响[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2012, 31(1):23-26.
	SUN Hao, WANG Baishun. The effects of different fire source position on natural smoke exhaust[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2012, 31(1):23-26. doi: 10.3210/fst.31.23
[11]	JEONG J Y, RYOU H S. A study on smoke movement in room fires with various pool fire location[J]. KSME International Journal, 2002, 16:1485-1 496. doi: 10.1007/BF03185078
[12]	李子龙. 火源位置对腔室火特性影响的实验研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2019.
	LI Zilong. Experimental study on influence of fire locations on compartment fire characteristics[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2019.
[13]	张嬿妮, 杨丹, 温心宇, 等. 火源位置对浮法玻璃热破裂行为规律影响研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2021, 17(8):143-149.
	ZHANG Yanni, YANG Dan, WEN Xinyu, et al. Study on influence of fire source location on thermal fracture behavioral laws of float glass[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2021, 17(8):143-149.
[14]	WANG Yu, WANG Qingsong, SHAO Guangzheng, et al. Fracture behavior of a four-point fixed glass curtain wall under fire conditions[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2014, 67:24-34. doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.05.002
[15]	WANG Yu, WANG Qingsong, SUN Jinhua, et al. Influence of fire location on the thermal performance of glass façades[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 106:438-442. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.057
[16]	SHIELDS T J, SILCOCK G W H, FLOOD M F. Performance of a single glazing assembly exposed to enclosure corner fires of increasing severity[J]. Fire and Materials, 2001, 25(4):123-152. doi: 10.1002/fam.v25:4
[17]	SHIELDS T J, SILCOCK G W H, FLOOD M. Performance of a single glazing assembly exposed to a fire in the centre of an enclosure[J]. Fire and Materials, 2002, 26(2):51-75. doi: 10.1002/fam.v26:2
[18]	GB/T 25972—2010, 气体灭火系统及部件[S].
	GB/T 25972-2010, Gas fire extinguishing systems and components[S].
[19]	张国维. 高大空间钢结构建筑火灾全过程性能化防火设计方法研究[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2015.
	ZHANG Guowei. Research on performance-based fire protection design methodology for tall space steel structure buildings during entire fire process[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2015.
[20]	ZHOU Kuibin, LIU Naian, ZHANG Linhe, et al. Thermal radiation from fire whirls: revised solid flame model[J]. Fire Technology, 2014, 50(6): 1 573-1 587.
[21]	范维澄. 火灾学简明教程[M]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学出版社, 1995:73-103.
	FAN Weicheng. Concise tutorial of fire science[M]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China Press, 1995:73-103.
[22]	陆伟. 火灾中不同种类和外界风条件下玻璃幕墙破裂特性研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2022.
	LU Wei. Study on the breakage characteristics of glass curtainwall under different types and external wind conditions in fire[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2022.

着火区域	木垛HRR	工况数
L1—L9	6层木垛	9
L5	4、6、8层木垛	3