China Safety Science Journal

Establishing Mining Safety and Health Law to Protect Miners' Life and Health Rights

2010, 20(1): 5.

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Comparative analysis shows that the fundamental purpose of the current Mining Safety Law, due to lacing the provisions of protecting the healthy rights of miners, is not to protect the safety of miners, but to ensure mining production safety and development. The "mining law" in Republic-Period belongs to a mining safety and health law that can be inherited, and the Mining Safety and Health Law of most of the countries can be also accepted as references. It is concluded that the change and implementation of efficiency-centered to people-oriented must rely on the fixation and protection of legal system;and the rise of people's health and security needs is the motivation of system changes. Due to lacking Mining Safety and Health Act that protects the basic miners' rights, a system fault occurs in China.

Study and Practice on Safety Engineering's Characteristic Education under the Background of Professional Certification

2010, 20(1): 12.

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The development of professional certification at home and abroad are reviewed, the contents of the Certification standards for safety engineering undergraduate education and the development of safety engineering professional certification in recent years in China are introduced. For the actual situation of the University of South China and under the context of professional certification, the curriculum is set and the teaching activities are taken according to the three major directions. The safety engineering of the University of South China, relying on "Nuclear" industry background, consists of three directions such as nuclear safety, construction safety and chemical safety. Different basic courses, professional basic courses, specialized courses and elective courses are set according to three professional directions, the curriculum is in line with the requirements of the Certification standards for safety engineering undergraduate education, and the teaching activities are carried out in strict accordance with the teaching lesson plans. The practices prove that the teaching reform have made remarkable achievements, the employment rate of graduates and the admission rate for those taking part in the entrance exams for postgraduate are in the front ranks of the university, and the employment units have obvious characteristics.

Analysis of Road Traffic Safety Situation in Beijing and Its Control Strategies

2010, 20(1): 19.

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In view of the high frequency of traffic accidents in Beijing, the paper analyses the mechanism of road traffic accidents using traffic conflict theory, and discusses the process of road traffic accidents based on the analysis of road traffic safety situation and accident characteristics. Then from the point of view of safety system engineering, the causation of road traffic accidents is analyzed by applying active/latent model. The importance of management factor is also emphasized. Finally, based on the road traffic situation in Beijing, the paper discusses control strategy for the improvement of road traffic safety by applying 3E measures. The person's unsafe acts and the unsafe state of things in road traffic system might be avoided through such measures as increasing punishment for illegal acts, establishing safety culture, setting up emergency system for road traffic accident and employing Intelligent Transportation System. And thus, the level of road traffic safety in Beijing will be enhanced.

Application Study of SVM in Analysis of Coal and Gas Outburst

2010, 20(1): 25.

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The correspondence of the amount of gas outburst in working face in mine to the geological indexes was researched, and the categories and amount of coal and gas outburst were also analyzed with support vector machine (SVM) method. Then, the SVM model for recognizing two categories of coal and gas outburst, the H-SVMs model for recognizing multi-category of coal and gas outburst, and the SVM regression model for predicting the amount of coal and gas outburst were constructed. The experimental results show that SVM is a good method to recognize the styles of coal-gas outburst;and the SVM regression model is better than the BP model at predicting the amount of coal-gas outburst, because SVM is based on a strict mathematical theory, has a simple structure and a good generalization performance, and can reflect the weights of geological indexes in outburst style recognition through the parameter W in the decision function.

Three-dimensional Modeling of Factories and Its Accident Numerical Simulation

2010, 20(1): 31.

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A 3-dimentional modeling for a certain chemical factory was conducted by using Microstation software. With consideration on the important influence factors such as outside wind direction, wind speed, and different positions of ignition source, the gaseous leakage process of the poisonous, flammable and explosive vinyl chloride from the relief valve of storage tank, and the leakage, evaporation, diffusion and explosion process of the liquid vinyl chloride from the pipeline of the storage tank bottom were simulated with the software FLACS of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The simulation results show that, for the spherical tank of liquefied gases vinyl chloride at room temperature, the leakage of vinyl chloride from the relief valve of storage tank will not cause fire and explosion;but for a given liquid leakage of vinyl chloride from the pipeline, the gas cloud caused by evaporation and diffusion of vinyl chloride may cause an explosion. If there is a weak constraint condition, the explosion shock wave will be rather feeble. This study can provide precise foundation for the risk analysis, safety plan, emergency recovery and accident investigation of chemical enterprises.

Comparative Analysis of Single Variable Grey Prediction Model in Coal Mining Settlement Prediction

2010, 20(1): 36.

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For the purpose of predicting the loss of surface elevation caused by coal mining, the traditional poor-information-based GM(1,1) model, GM(1,1) residual model and timing residual GM(1,1) model were set up according to grey system modeling, correlation analysis and residual recognition. Meanwhile, the original-data-based grey CompertzI model with absolute error, the grey LogisticI model, and the grey CompertzII model and grey LogisticII model that both have relative error were also set up. Then, these models were applied to the actual prediction analysis of subsidence value in Tuzhu Coal Mine of Jinzhushan Mining Company. After a grey generation was made on the loss of surface elevation from January to October in 2007, seven grey prediction models were set up. Comparative analysis on the accuracy test of these prediction values gained by these grey models shows that the seven models are all firs-level (good) models, and that the grey CompertzII model and grey LogisticII model, due to having a high prediction accuracy and reliability, are far superior to the traditional GM(1,1) model. They play an important role in the restoration planning of coal mining.

An Evacuation Model of GAEvac Based on Geometric Method

2010, 20(1): 43.

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GAEvac is an evacuation computer model on the basis of geometric method and intellectualized aim distinguishing. This model can express the space of buildings and the body of evacuees through some simple geometry elements;it can also simulate the velocity change of evacuees through collision detection and position adjustment algorithms. By setting target classification and condition decision rules, the choice of evacuation route can be simulated and the group effects can be reflected. To analyze the accuracy of GAEvac, two experiments with different velocity changes and route choices were simulated and the results were compared. Finally, an illustration was made, which shows that this model is of practicability and referring value.

Analysis on Influencing Importance of Organizational Factors Based on Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process

2010, 20(1): 50.

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Based on Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), a influencing model for organizational factors on system safety in nuclear power plant was established, and its index system was determined. With the computing program, the relative influence degree of the factor, the entire influence degree of the factor and the importance degree of the factor were obtained to represent the influence degree of the organizational factor on the system safety. By adopting the method of influence degree of the factor, the influence of the organizational factors on the safety of some nuclear power plant system was analyzed. Results show that supervision, safety culture training, leader's attitude toward the safety, the integrity of the procedure, the communications and feedbacks among the departments, the personnel's consciousness and attitude, the pre-work skill training, the communications and feedbacks inside the department are the most important organizational factors that influence the operational safety of the nuclear power plant.

Current Situation of Safety Assessment Work in China and Its Countermeasures

2010, 20(1): 56.

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By using the methods and basic principles of applied safety science, main problems existing in current safety assessment work in China are analyzed. It is considered that the government should improve the quality of safety assessment reports and ensure the scientificity of assessment results by strengthening supervision, standardizing the acts of intermediaries, strengthening the management of assessment agencies, implementing the idea of "survival of the fittest" and improving the tracking guide. Meanwhile, assessment agencies should make the assessment develop toward the direction of science, standard and good order by adopting qualitative methods, quantitative methods and comprehensive assessment mathematic models, so as to prevent major accidents occurring, to provide scientific basis for the decision making of the state, related departments and enterprises, and to ensure the healthy and safe development of the economy.

Determination of Ignition Source and Ignition Probability of Leaking Accidents in Petrochemical Processes

2010, 20(1): 61.

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The classification of ignition sources and calculation of ignition probability was briefly summarized in this paper. Firstly, the classifications of ignition source were introduced, and the different results of immediate ignition and delayed ignition were shown using event tree method. Secondly, two approaches for the determination of ignition probability were introduced, i.e. ignition probability calculated with accident statistics and ignition probability based on the classification of ignition sources. The accident statistics of different processes were briefly summarized, including flammable material transportation, blowout, storage tank cracking, and long pipeline transportation. The ignition probabilities of different kinds of ignition sources given by TNO and HSE were also introduced. It's believed that the research on the ignition probabilities of different ignition sources in domestic petrochemical plants is very important.

Analysis on Medicinal Powder Explosion Accident and Its Protective Measures

2010, 20(1): 67.

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Based on the frequently-occurring explosion accidents in pharmaceutical industry in recent years, the categories of explosion accidents were analyzed. With the dust explosion of a pharmaceutical enterprise as the object of study, an explosive parameter test was conducted on the powder of potassium clavulanate in a 20-L spherical dust explosion test equipment, which shows that the lower explosive limit of potassium clavulanate is about 40g/m~3. And then Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) was used to study the rules of heat releasing of the explosion and Gas Chromatograph (GC) was used to measure whether there was any combustible gas existing in the compound, the measurement shows that there exists acetone gas with a lower concentration of 9.3×10~(-5). Based on the above study achievements, countermeasures were proposed and common problems were analyzed from the technical and management point of view. Meanwhile, the human-machine interface of the meal mixer was designed, the safety checklist was compiled, and such common problems were summed up. This study can provide an important reference for the prevention and control of dust explosion accidents in pharmaceutical industry.

Experimental Study on the Reliability and Safety of PBXN-5 Booster

2010, 20(1): 72.

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In order to meet the requirement of high explosive train of fuze for high reliable and safe priming and boosters, the output and shock wave sensitivity of PBXN-5 booster were analyzed and studied by small-gap test and rise-and-fall method. The small sample testing indicates that the probability of reliable booster will reduce obviously with the increment of the gap thickness between the donor and the accepter when the donor charge keeps constantly;but the probability of reliable booster will rise with the diameter of accepter charge decreasing. In a word, the usage reliability will be higher with the decrease of diameter of accepter charge and gap thickness. By combining the usage security, the proper reliable parameters for charge in micro initiators & pyrotechnics will be obtained.

Research on Mechanical Safety Capability Assessment Methods

2010, 20(1): 77.

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Considering the mix-up of the definition of machine safety and machine safety-capability, the differences among machine safety, machine safety-capability and reliability are discussed. Then the advantages and disadvantages of present qualitative, quantitative and other methods for machine safety-capability assessment are analyzed. It is concluded that the qualitative assessment methods for machine safety-capability have a high subjectivity, and quantitative assessment methods can not solve component's multi-state, non-monotonic and common cause failure problems, meanwhile, the calculation of criticality degree of components is complicated and is difficult for engineers to apply directly. Finally, design plans for machine safety-capability qualitative and quantitative assessment model are provided to settle those problems.

An Overview on the Studying Methods about Human Factor in Civil Aviation Safety

2010, 20(1): 84.

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Summarize and analyze the major existing research methods about human factors in civil aviation industry. Point out their shortcomings. Systematically study the HRA (Human Reliability Analysis) techniques which have been successfully applied to nuclear industry. Combined with the advantages of HRA, bring forward the point of view that introduces the HRA technique to civil aviation operation and study human reliability in it. Contrast civil aviation industry and nuclear industry with several elements. Demonstrate the feasibility of the view of point. The purpose of this study is to provide a new theoretical guidance and reliable data for human factor research in civil aviation, and to make the result of human factor analysis more comprehensive, thorough and accurate.

Study on the Safety of Lane-changing Based on Virtual Desire Trajectory

2010, 20(1): 90.

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In order to solve the quantitative analysis problems of lane-changing influence on traffic safety, a Virtual Desire Trajectory of lane-changing is constructed based on the vehicle and driver's behavior characteristics. By combining 4 types of collisions caused by lane-changing, a safe operation judgment equation and restriction equation are respectively built in the vertical and horizontal direction. And the sensitivity of vehicle speed and lateral acceleration gradients to lane-changing safety is analyzed. Finally, an application example is given. This study shows that the changes of the lateral acceleration gradient have a direct impact on the safety of lane-changing.

Statistical Analysis on Safety Accidents of Tunnel Construction from 2004 to 2008 in China

2010, 20(1): 96.

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To grasp the rules of tunnel construction accidents in China, tunnel construction accidents from 2004 to 2008 are statistically analyzed with histogram method and accident trends chart method. Statistical characteristics of those accidents, such as developing trend and time distribution of accidents number and deaths number, accident number of different accidents, the percentage of each accident type, region distribution, and accident grade distribution, are obtained. The statistical characteristics take on the following rules: Accident number and death number have a tendency of decline;Collapse, object strikes, flooding and rib roof fall are the main accident types. Among them, collapse is the first hazard in tunnel construction;Accidents mainly concentrate on central and western regions, and few on the eastern region;Most of the accidents are large accidents and malignant accidents, major and particular major accidents are few. Finally, according to the rules of tunnel construction accidents, safety management countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.

Analysis and Prevention of Water Inrush Accidents in Small Coal Mines

2010, 20(1): 101.

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According to the analysis of several typical water inrush accidents happening in small coal mines of township, it is concluded that main causes for this kind of accident are employees' poor quality, poor internal administration and control of enterprises, weak technical equipment and weak supervision from related government departments. Therefore, control of water inrush accidents must adhere to the idea of "prevention first", meanwhile, countermeasures against water inrush accidents not only include technical ones such as identifying water inrush symptom, setting waterproof coal pillar, regulating the security distance of water surveying and establishing institutions of water surveying, but also include management ones such as strengthening employees' training, compiling disaster prevention and rescue plans and intensifying supervision of related government departments. Finally, 5 comprehensive control measures including preventing, blocking, dispersing, draining and cutting are also proposed.

Study on Toxic Effect of Nanomaterials on Organisms

2010, 20(1): 106.

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The calculation based on the first proliferation formula of Einstein and the settlement formula semi-quantitatively and quantitatively indicates that the nano-particles' settling velocity is about one thousandth of micron particles'. This feature makes nano-particle more easily suspend in the atmosphere and solution and be absorbed by organisms through respiratory and circulatory system. Meanwhile, the calculation based on the interaction potential energy formula caused by Vander Waals force semi-quantitatively indicates that nano-particle is easier than micron particle to be adsorbed, aggregated and collected into the body from the food chain through transformation in the atmosphere or migration in water and soil. Therefore, nanoparticle has more serious toxicity and worse effect on organisms than micron particles. Finally, according to the research on the toxicity of nanomaterials, new direction to the virtuous development of nano-technology is proposed.

Research on Safety Strategies about Traffic Black-spot on Mountainous Roads in Yunnan Province

2010, 20(1): 112.

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The traffic situation, traffic accident features, accident types and accident influencing factors in mountainous roads in Yunnan province are analyzed. The mechanism for traffic accidents is studied. The causes for traffic accidents in black-spot on mountainous roads in Yunnan are discussed from the aspects of human, vehicles, roads and environment, and countermeasures are presented. Analysis shows that the low level of road conditions, people's quality of safety, vehicle performance and safety management in mountainous areas of Yunnan is the fundamental cause of major accidents. Therefore, mutual match of the systematic elements should be ensured to improve system safety, maximize system functions and achieve intrinsic safety.

Application of Enterprise Work Safety Management Responsibility Matrix

2010, 20(1): 118.

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On the basis of the overall analysis of work safety responsibility matrix, a new method for carrying out the main body responsibility of enterprise safety work is further proposed. Centering on work safety responsibility management of enterprises, the paper decomposes the task of work safety management drastically, defines the role of all enterprise safety departments and personnel clearly, and establishes a general type of work safety management responsibility matrix of the small and medium-sized enterprises according to the principle of one to one about safety work tasks and roles. The work safety management responsibility matrix can manifest clearly the responsibility of safety work, which is beneficial to improving the main body responsibility of enterprise safety work. The establishment of the enterprise work safety management responsibility matrix provides certain reference and guidance for the implementation of enterprise work safety responsibility as the main production.

Study on Safety Investment Guarantee Mechanism of Coal Enterprises and Its System Dynamic Analysis

2010, 20(1): 125.

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Aimed at the problems faced by coal enterprises in safety investment guaranteeing, a safety investment guaranteeing mechanism of "Multi-sides constraint, Better interaction" is constructed for coal enterprises. Based on the "mutual-win" and constraint features of safety investment guarantee system, the guaranteeing function of the government's safety supervision, coal industry association's safety prevention, and insurance company's safety insurance on coal enterprises are analyzed. Then the system dynamics(SD)characteristic of safety investment guaranteeing mechanism is systemically analyzed and demonstrated based on SD theory. On this basis, a system dynamics model of safety investment guarantee mechanism for coal enterprises is set up. This model is to seek a certain safety investment level to ensure the coal enterprise a certain income level, and to improve and optimize the safety investment opportunities and channels of coal enterprises. It is just an attempt to apply SD to assessing the effect of safety investment guarantee mechanism.

Situation of Construction Migrant Workers' Occupational Safety and Health and Its Countermeasures

2010, 20(1): 132.

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The features of construction industry, common occupational injuries and the current situation of construction migrant workers' occupational safety in China are firstly analyzed. Then, from the 3 aspects of education, technology and supervision, some countermeasures are proposed, such as improving migrant workers' quality and safety awareness, strengthening individual protection, improving work environment, learning to safeguard their own rights and interests through law, complying with professional codes of conduct, cultivating the lifestyle of science and health, and so on. This study provides scientific basis for protecting construction migrant workers' safety and health.

Discussion on Risk Characteristics of Agri-product Processing Industries through 53 Serious Accidents

2010, 20(1): 136.

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Fifty-three severe accidents happening in agri-product processing industry in China since 2001 were systematically retrieved and reorganized, and then studied from the angle of accident type, agri-products type, contractor's responsibility, improper rescue methods, yearly distribution, etc. The study shows that the accident risk of agri-product processing industry takes on certain industry characteristics, poisoning and suffocation accidents are much more serious and frequent than other types of accidents, there is a protruding problem of accident deterioration due to improper rescue methods;Study also shows that the alcohol, food supplies, animal culture, feed, and pickle products factories possess comparatively high risks. This study is useful for the accident prevention of agri-product processing industries.

Research on the Security Architecture of Important Information System under Network Environment

2010, 20(1): 142.

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The concepts of information system security and architecture are defined at first. Then related research contents in this field are introduced, and several popular architectures are analyzed. The characteristics of important information system and the advantages and disadvantages of terminal security system architecture based on trusted computation are analyzed emphatically. On this basis, a scheme combining trusted computation and security mechanism is proposed, and a design thread for security system architecture of information security assessment system is presented, which provides innovative reference for the security building of important information system under network environment.

Safety Assessment Method for Highway Construction Project

2010, 20(1): 149.

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With the development of highway construction, current status of highway construction safety is not optimistic. In order to exactly evaluate the safety state of highway construction project, a three-level safety assessment indicator system for highway construction is constructed. Based on the analysis of safety assessment methods used at home and abroad, an overall evaluation method is built up by using the theory of fuzzy synthesized evaluation. Finally, this method is demonstrated with an example, it shows that the method can not only objectively reflect the safety status of highway construction project, but also can make a comparison of the safety status between different projects, which is helpful for the government organization to make a different supervision and inspection on the highway construction project.

Study on Intelligent Vehicle Anti-collision Forewarning Technology Based on Multi-information Detection

2010, 20(1): 153.

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Driving environment is very complicated, because of the multi-source information of the road, the relative distance with other vehicles or obstacles and driver's state, etc. To obtain more information about the driving, the state messages of the lane, relative distance and speed between the surrounding targets is identified by receiving information from the CCD camera in front of the car, and the driver's attention state information is identified by receiving information from the CCD camera inside, which could effectively reduce the leak detection alarm rate, the false alarm rate and alarm rate of redundancy by using the technology of multi-source information detection. The real-time detection of dangerous or potentially dangerous driving information is used to analyze and judge the driver's state through a constructed safety judgment rule, so as to acquire a reliable anti-collision warning, which is helpful to prevent vehicle collision and optimize the control of the relative distance, relative speed and reaction time. Meanwhile, it also sets a good foundation for the speeding, the increasing of traffic capacity and the realizing of automatic drive.

Study on Construction Mode of Mine Emergency Management System

2010, 20(1): 159.

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The basic principles for constructing mine emergency management system in China are firstly defined, which includes comprehensiveness, focus, scientificity and extendibility. Then a mine emergency management system is constructed including mine safety plan, mine emergency plan system, mine emergency organization system, mine emergency mechanism, mine emergency law, mine emergency resource and mine emergency information system. Lastly, the interaction of the elements of this emergency management system is discussed and main contents of each element are presented. The construction mode can be used as a reference of mine emergency management system construction.

Allocation of Emergency Rescue Resources for Freeway Traffic

2010, 20(1): 165.

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Allocating emergency rescue resources reasonably is the premises of improving efficiency. Aiming at the stochastic characteristic of traffic accident and required resources, a stochastic model for resource allocation is created. According to specific road condition and transportation mechanism, some parameters such as rescue service level, weight of accident probability, weight of rescue resource spot to accident spot and stochastic resources are discussed. The parameters and model are applied to rescue resources allocation of Henan freeway. The results show that the new allocation scheme preferably meets rescue demand of high-probability-accident area and reasonably reduces resources allocation numbers of low-probability-accident area. All of those offer important reference value for scientific allocation of emergency rescue traffic resources on freeway.

Study on Coal Mine Accident Emergency Rescue System Based on WebGIS

2010, 20(1): 171.

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This paper briefly discusses the process and characteristics of coal mine accident rescue and analyzes the application of geographic information system(GIS) in coal main accident emergency rescue. Meanwhile, the technical architecture and key technologies of WebGIS-based coal mine accident rescue system are studied with emphasis, and a rescue system uniting emergency information management, emergency drills, emergency rescue and other operations is developed. Main functional modules and database construction about this system are introduced. This system, due to being based on WebGIS platform, can carry out design, development and construction and achieve the visualization of coal mine accident rescue through employing the spatial analysis capability of WebGIS, which provides scientific, comprehensive and accurate information for coal accident rescue.

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