China Safety Science Journal

2009, 19(12): 5.

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The four stages for the discipline construction of China safety science are reviewed. It is proposed that the discipline of safety science should be constructed and improved with the concept of wide-ranging safety as the basis, the safety philosophy as the methodology, the scientific axiom "safety first" as the common view, and the people-oriented as the new concept of safety development, as well as based on the persisting in scientific concept of development and the exploration of the new theory of "safety-risk-culture". Emphasis is focused on the comparative study on the discipline of safety science and technology between in the newly-issued GB/T13745-2009 and in the old GB/T13745-1992. This paper thinks highly of the significance and the deep influence of the new system of safety science and technology in GB/T13745-2009. The construction of safety science and technology discipline begins to enter a new period and needs developing and innovating in practice and exploration. The safety science in China is sure to thrive.

Study on the Estimation of Value of a Statistical Life in Disasters

2009, 19(12): 17.

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The calculation of human capital approach and its advantages and disadvantages are presented based on the concept of the value of a statistical life (VSL). Willingness to pay (WTP) is the mainstream method to estimate VSL. Marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) of mortality with and without bequest willing is discussed based on state-dependent von Neumann-Morgenstern utility functions. MWTP depends on their initial survival situation, including initial wealth and mortality probability. The individual can rearrange his consumption and survival position through exchange so as to maximize expected utility. The individual will equate his MWTP for enhanced survival with the given price of enhanced survival. There are many sources of risk of death. Three risks including one exogenous, one job-related, and one related to the level of consumption of a private good are considered. The level of risk is the most important factor to MWTP, the bigger the risk, the higher the MWTP.

Research and Practice of Accident Prediction Mathematical Models

2009, 19(12): 23.

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Based on the real and reliable accident data collected statistically, related mathematical methods and accident prediction models, an accident prediction mathematical model is proposed and built. Meanwhile, the concrete method and steps, and the principles and rules followed during application are given. Based on the casualty data of various types of accidents in recent 18 years, an accident prediction mathematical model is established, and the related accident data in the future is predicted. Finally, the accident trend in China is discussed according to the predication data.

Application Study on the Evaluation of VSL Based on Contingent Valuation Method

2009, 19(12): 28.

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The economic theory basis and research progress of evaluating the value of a statistical life (VSL) with contingent valuation method (CVM) are reviewed respectively. Some biases, such as hypothetical bias, strategic bias and information bias, which may be brought into the evaluation of VSL with CVM, are analyzed. Willingness to pay and willingness to accept, question formulation and risk variability, which may affect the validity of the VSL results, are discussed. According to the results of literature analysis, and combining the previous empirical study of using CVM to evaluate the VSL of employees, the scheme about how to improve the validity and reliability of VSL with CVM is designed. Through optimized design on the overall framework, working environment risk perception survey, design of the working risk of willingness to pay, socio-economic information variable settings, readiness survey and pre-survey, sample size and sample design, data statistics and analysis, etc., the assessment result can be ensured.

Study and Practice on High-quality Professional's Training Mode of Safety Engineering Specialty

2009, 19(12): 34.

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The training goal for high-quality professionals of safety engineering specialty is studied and presented, which includes one concept, two knowledge frameworks, three learnings, four unities, five abilities and six consciousnesses. Through exploring into the training program for professionals, teaching process, engineering-oriented skill training and safety practice, a training mode for high-quality professionals of safety engineering specialty forms, which focuses on four aspects that are humanity quality and self-improvement, systems security ideas and project methods forming, chemical safety engineering and technology training, independent study and open practice. This mode shows clearly what to do, how to do and where to do for talent training. At the same time the mode was carried out in the training of safety engineering specialty's students at Jiangsu Polytechnic University from 2004 to 2009. The result shows that students' knowledge base, engineering practical ability, innovation spirit and ability were effectively trained and their integrated ability was formed to satisfy social needs.

Reform and Practice in Teaching of Construction Safety Education in Architecture Specialty

2009, 19(12): 40.

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Through analyzing the status and problems of construction safety education in architecture specialty, concrete measures and reforming ideas for safety teaching are proposed as follows: change traditional concept of architectural education; adhere to "people-oriented" concept; innovate teaching mode; make a reform on curriculum setting, teaching contents, teaching methods and assessment methods, etc; link theory with practice; learn architects' legal and moral responsibility in construction safety; enhance students' awareness of safety design; be familiar with building fire protection, lightning protection, flood protection, earthquake-proof, security evacuation and so on; and understand the principles of emergency escape, disaster prevention, adapting to economic construction and habitat security. All those reforms are helpful to the cultivation of high-quality talents who can adapt to the society.

A Simple and Feasible Grading Method for Major Dangerous Chemical Hazard Installations

2009, 19(12): 45.

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The grading method is very important in the safety supervision and administration of major dangerous chemical hazard installations. Through a comparative study on three common methods used to grade major dangerous chemical hazard installations, a new grading method is proposed in which R is a grading indicator. In this method, R is calculated by the ratios of different chemical quantities and their threshold quantities in the unit after correction of chemical categories and numbers of people. This method is applied in one enterprise and the results show that it has a certain degree of science and better operability, and can meet the need of the grading for major dangerous chemical hazard installations.

Discuss on Hazardous Thresholds of Major Hazard Accidents

2009, 19(12): 51.

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The definition and categories of hazardous thresholds are put forward. According to the related literature at home and abroad, the harm criteria for fire and explosion are determined. Then, the emergency exposure thresholds for common toxic substances are compared. Based on this, the harm threshold criteria for different harms under different accident scenario are given, which are classified into threshold of high lethality, threshold of starting lethality, threshold of irreversible effect, and threshold of reversible effect. These hazardous thresholds can be applied to the fields of safety assessment, land use planning and emergency planning for major hazard installations or industrial zones.

Influence Factors of Traffic Sign Comprehension Effectiveness in Cognitive Process

2009, 19(12): 57.

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The psychical process of drivers perceiving traffic signs is analyzed based on the knowledge of cognitive psychology, and an information process model for drivers, which combines the intuition, analysis and inference of drivers, is proposed. From the features of signs and drivers, a psychological-perception-based theoretical analysis is made on the factors influencing the traffic sign comprehension. The study results provide foundation for the study of cognitive process of drivers, the selection of evaluation index of signs comprehension effectiveness and the development and design of related systems.

Study on the Discrimination of Water Inrush from Deep-well Floor Based on Fuzzy Neural Network

2009, 19(12): 61.

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Through analyzing the influencing factors of water inrush from deep-well floor, a hierarchic analysis structure model is established. And then, the weights of the influencing factors are calculated and arranged in order by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), through which the major influencing factors are decided. On this basis, the factors are normalized through setting up the membership function and membership grade, and a discrimination model for water inrush is constructed based on fuzzy neural network (FNN). By choosing appropriate network structure parameters and training samples, this model, with the grade of water inrush as the output, achieves the learning process. Finally, this model is verified with field examples, which shows that the result obtained by the model is basically in accordance with the engineering practice.

A Method for Calculating Safety Distance of High-sulfide Gas Well in Complex Mountainous Terrain

2009, 19(12): 66.

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Blowout of toxic gas diffusion from high-sulfur gas field does very great harm to the surrounding residents. Safety distance becomes an important protective measure, but it is difficult to accurately compute safety distance in complex mountain district. Through investigating a serious accident of high-sulfur blowout in China, adopting large eddy simulation method to simulate the gaseous diffusion in blowout, and calculating the accident results at different wind speed and direction, the influence of terrain on accident consequence was obtained. Through calculating the diffusion distance under different concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, an analysis and calculation method for safety distance was provided. Comprehensive analysis of the computation result show that the longest distance distributes within zonal zones. This conclusion offers a reference for safety distance standard.

Research on Optimization of Protective Measures for Coal-fired Power Plants in War

2009, 19(12): 74.

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Considering that the coal-fired power plants are sure to be attacked as important economic targets in war, measures must be taken to prevent the weak parts of the core of the plants from attacking or damaging. In order to validate the capability of the protective measures, an evaluation index system for protective measures is set up, and an evaluation model is also set up based on grey relational analysis. Through analyzing the index system with that model, the optimization of the protective measures is achieved. This research is of actual importance for the optimization of protective measures in coal-fired power plants, as well as in big dams, nuclear power plants and airports.

Study on the Technology of Instaneous Flame Length Detection in Coal Dust Explosivity Appraisal

2009, 19(12): 79.

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Deciding the explosion nature of coal dust needs examining its combustion instantaneous flame length. The currently-used large tubular coal dust explosion identification system, due to using naked-eye observation as the main detecting means, has many problems, such as poor measurement accuracy, big errors of repeatability, excessive human disturbance, and so on. Therefore, a new method bringing the digital image processing technology into the identification system of coal dust explosion was presented. This method can pretreat and segment the images of the coal dust flame, and make the edge detection through the digital image processing technology. And thus, the characteristic parameters of the maximum flame length can be obtained, and the judgment basis for the coal dust explosion can be deduced out.

Analysis and Research on the Explosion Rules of Small and Medium-sized Boilers

2009, 19(12): 85.

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Explosion cases of small and medium-sized boilers were investigated and analyzed. A re-water test under the circumstance of boiler lacking water and an instability simulation test for circular furnace were conducted. Test analysis shows that main causes for boiler explosion accidents are lack of water and overpressure; the lack of water will cause an obvious degradation of boiler material performance, and the re-water will cause a sudden jump in boiler pressure due to sudden evaporation of water. With vertical boilers as an example, the explosion mechanism was presented. Finally, safety analysis was made on three types of boilers from the aspects of boiler structure, water capacity and safety accessories, and preventive measures were proposed accordingly.

An Evaluating Method for Safe Service Life of Nuclear Cables

2009, 19(12): 92.

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According to the elements of evaluation test for life of nuclear cables, and based on the characteristics of polymer materials commonly used in nuclear power cable, such as XLPE and low smoke zero halogen XLPE, A test for the evaluation of safe service life of nuclear cables was designed and conducted for about 5 000 hours. At the same time, Least Square method, which is more accurate in the mathematical statistics, was used to deal with the test data. This overcame the inaccurate defect of evaluating the life of cables with accelerated aging method for electrical properties. The final test results indicate that the cable can meet the requirement of service for sixty years. This study is of actual importance for the design and operation of nuclear cable.

Hazard Analysis on Loading and Unloading of Dangerous Chemicals in Port and Its Countermeasures

2009, 19(12): 102.

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Based on the statistics of the accidents happening on the loading and unloading of dangerous chemicals in port, the influence of chemical features on work safety, on loading and unloading equipment and on loading and unloading process were systemically analyzed. From the perspective of intrinsic safety, an optimal approach to tackling the work safety in port by establishing a standardized system for hazardous chemical loading and unloading was presented. Finally, the construction framework for this system was proposed.

Research on Security of UHF Mobile RFID Systems Based on Privacy Protection

2009, 19(12): 108.

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Aimed at the increasing importance of mobile RFID application and the existing circumstances of security for mobile RFID service, from both security and privacy points of view, mobile RFID technology and services are discussed based on the related theories on RFID and mobile communication technology. Furthermore, main security problems and requirements are analyzed in detail for mobile RFID services. On this basis, a security-enhanced service infrastructure is constructed for UHF mobile RFID systems, and a privacy protection scheme is proposed based on hiding original tag ID in order to provide some help for solving various security problems in mobile RFID service. Analysis on the proposed security scheme shows that mobile RFID users' privacy can be protected effectively by introducing the security-enhanced service infrastructure with a transparent transmission mode and modifying tags ID periodically.

Study on Logistics Safety Evaluation System

2009, 19(12): 115.

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From the angle of system engineering methodology, logistics safety evaluation system was used to evaluate logistics system, which involves the general steps, the specific stages, the relative knowledge and the environmental impact assessment. Based on the 3-dimensional structure of Hall, a 4-dimensional structure of logistics safety evaluation system was built. On this basis, a holistic structure model for logistics safety evaluation system was constructed, and specific implementation steps for logistics safety evaluation system were expounded in detail. Finally, the evaluation system was applied to the safety assessment of logistics information system, and the assessment result indicates that the evaluation method is feasible, meanwhile, related safety countermeasures were proposed. The system provides a new idea for the logistics safety evaluation, and a foundation for the construction of the more practical logistics system safety evaluation system and evaluation methods.

Analysis on Stability and Supporting Manner of Surrounding Rock in Tunnel of Some Highway

2009, 19(12): 122.

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Geological description and joint statistic were done on a tunnel construction. By analyzing the distributing regularity of joint growth with stereographic projection method, the rock mass structure model was built. According to this model, the stability of surrounding rock was calculated with distinct element method and the broken modes were analyzed on the tunnel. Meanwhile, the supporting manner and mechanics mechanism by steel bar combining with rock bolt were analyzed. On the basis of the measuring press burdened by the steel bar and the convergence of the tunnel, the stability of the surrounding rock and the support system were analyzed, and the primary causations for construction accidents in tunnel were summarized. Finally, feasible suggestions for supporting were given.

Study on the Influence of Outlet Angle of Air Curtain at Full-mechanized Work Face on Its Dust-isolating Effectiveness

2009, 19(12): 128.

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The outlet angle of air curtain is one of the key factors which affect the effectiveness of dust-isolating at fully-mechanized face. Based on the prototype of 1528 full-mechanized work face of Gequan coal mine, Hebei Jinniu Energy & Resources Co, LTD, the flow field and the dust distribution under different outlet angles of air curtain was numerically simulated, and the influence of the outlet angles of air curtain on its dust-isolating effectiveness was analyzed. The study shows that different outlet angles of air curtain can produce different effects, and the outlet angles with 5-10 degrees at fully-mechanized face is reasonable, which can ensure that the working area of coal cutter driver is at the lowest dust concentration. At last, the conclusion from numerical simulation was verified by field test.

Investigation on Safety Management of Furniture Enterprise: Research on Unsafe Behaviors Using Behavior-sampling Method

2009, 19(12): 135.

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This paper aims to reduce the probability of accidents in furniture enterprises. Firstly, according to the observation on workers' unsafe behaviors in mechanical processing workshop, they were classified to be dynamic type and static type. Then a current status assessment was conducted on those unsafe behaviors sampled at production field with sampling method. Finally, improved measures were proposed through analyzing the causes of unsafe behaviors.

The Deficiencies in Government Regulation of Local Coal Mine Work Safety and Its Countermeasures

2009, 19(12): 141.

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Based on the analysis of local coal mine work safety situation, the need to strengthen government regulation is discussed. It is pointed out that the failure of government regulation is the deep-seated cause for coal mine safety accidents. Based on the "economic man" hypothesis of public choice, the root causes for the failure of government regulation are analyzed from the game angle of the local coal mine supervision involving central government, local government, coal companies, mine workers and other multi-stakeholder. According to the facts of local government regulation of coal mine safety, the idea to build a multi-stakeholder government regulation system and its operating mechanism and specific routing is proposed. This is helpful to improve the executing ability of government regulation and reduce local coal mine accidents.

Analysis of Economic Contribution Rate of Airline's Safety Investments

2009, 19(12): 148.

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Based on the definition and benefit analysis of safety investments of civil aviation, the analysis model for airline's economic contribution rate of safety investments was built by combining the production function. The economic contribution rate of safety investments of two main airlines was calculated with the model by using the statistical economic data from the two companies. The result confirms the fact that safety investment produces output in the economy. It also shows that the safety level of civil aviation is far above the domestic average, which results from the continuous safety investment in recent years. The model of economic contribution rate can make a comparison or an evaluation of the situation of safety investments of different airlines.

A Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Ecosystem Health Status in Mining Area

2009, 19(12): 154.

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Put forward a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of mining area ecosystem health status in this paper. First of all, establish an indicator system of the mining area ecosystem health status evaluation. Secondly, use analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weight coefficients of indicators, and amend the weight coefficients by entropy technology. And then, calculate the membership grade of evaluation indicator. And adopt a three-level fuzzy comprehensive method to evaluate. Finally, adopt maximum membership degree method or score method to process evaluation findings according to the actual need. This evaluation method firstly adopts AHP and entropy techniques to determine the weight coefficient of evaluation index, and firstly adopt maximum membership degree method or score method to process evaluation findings according to the actual need, and these provide the basis for a quantitative assessment of ecosystem health status in mining area. This evaluation method need to be further integrated the actual situation in mining area, such as indicators, weights of some indicators and so on, and improved and perfected in order to spread the application.

Study of Lane Detection Techniques under Uncertain Circumstances

2009, 19(12): 159.

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A new method for lane detection in uncertain circumstances is proposed. After determining the color scale of the road, the color information of the lane marks is extracted to eliminate the influence of the illumination changes. The interference of the vehicles with the lane detection is eliminated through comparing the size, shape and motion pattern between the vehicles and the lane marks. By storing the single-image lane detection results in the lane-coherence-validation module, the accuracy of the lane detection enhances. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is able to robustly find the lane boundary under various lighting conditions and to solve the problem of the occupancy of the road by the vehicles.

Research on Job Hazard Identification in Power Transmission Corporation

2009, 19(12): 165.

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Based on the analysis of the characters of Power Transfer and Distribution industry, the paper first set up power transmission and distribution hazard checklist which includes 9 categories and 118 sub-categories through accident taxonomy, survey questionnaire and other ways. Then an approach combining hazard checklist and hazardous scenario description in JHA (Job Hazard Analysis), which was applicable to the workers at the production line, was proposed. The application of this approach in 1 084 work scenes of 146 jobs of 6 key majors in Taiyuan Branch, Shanxi Electric Power Company, demonstrates that it can achieve the purpose of controlling or eliminating the hazards at the production line.

Study on Risks in Building Construction Area

2009, 19(12): 171.

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According to the status of domestic construction process and its working features and the studies on construction engineering risks by scholars all over the world, and taking into consideration the fact that workers in construction area face both the risks from single building construction and the ones from the multi-interference in time and space between them during working process, the risk analysis model for single building and its influence gradient, and the risk calculation method for the total risk of construction area are presented. An application example demonstrates that the model and the calculation methods can be used to predict the distribution and changes of the risks in construction area. This study is helpful to the risk prevention and the implementation of controlling measures, as well as the improvement of safety management level in entire process of construction.

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