Table of Content

28 May 2026, Volume 36 Issue 5

Previous Issue   

Safety Science Theories and Methods Safety Technology and Engineering Public Safety and Emergency Management Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Technology and Engineering

Safety Science Theories and Methods

Research on hydrogen production safety supervision in China in comparison with other countries

Liu Jia, Lu Nianming, Bai Mingqi, Liu Yi

2026, 36(5):  1-10.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0963

Asbtract ( 23 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (1682KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To enhance hydrogen safety regulation in China, this paper systematically reviewed the development trends of the global hydrogen industry and its safety regulatory frameworks. Based on this, a comparative analysis was conducted from the perspectives of safety supervision institutions, laws and regulations, standard systems, and technological development for hydrogen industry both domestically and internationally. Drawing on international experience and considering China's specific conditions, policy recommendations were proposed in five aspects: clarifying regulatory responsibilities, improving the supply of laws and policies, accelerating the standard system, strengthening technological support, and deepening exchanges and cooperation. The results show that the global hydrogen energy sector has entered a phase of rapid industrialization. Countries with relatively mature hydrogen industries have built safety governance systems characterized by top-level coordination and planning, full-chain coverage regulation, and standard system support. In comparison, China's hydrogen industry still lags behind the demands of its rapid development in terms of the comprehensiveness of safety regulatory system, the coherence of its standard system, and the capacity for key technology support. It is therefore necessary to further clarify the regulatory responsibilities of relevant departments across the full chain of hydrogen production, storage, transportation, refueling, and end-use applications, and to establish and improve cross-departmental collaborative regulatory mechanisms. It is of great importance to accelerate the formulation of systematic hydrogen safety-specific laws and regulations and to build a standard system covering the entire industrial chain, as well as to strengthen R&D on safety technologies and the construction of professional experimental platforms. By doing this, the safety supervision efficiency shall be enhanced comprehensively in China's hydrogen industry.

Research on China's work safety governance policies from perspective of policy tools:based on analysis of policy texts since founding of the People's Republic of China

Wang Lang, Chen Wenxule

2026, 36(5):  11-17.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0795

Asbtract ( 18 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (4339KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To enhance China's work safety governance, policy texts related to work safety were analyzed using text analysis and coding methods, aiming to provide an in-depth understanding of the current policy system and to identify existing gaps in China's safety governance policies. Based on Duxiu database and the website of the Central People's Government, 80 policy texts issued between 1949 and 2024 were selected. NVivo 12 plus software was used to conduct coding analysis, which was then employed to summarize the distribution and usage of policy tools in China's work safety governance. The research show that China's work safety governance policies employ a comprehensive set of policy tools. They exhibit a development pattern centered on pre-accident prevention, supported by talents and technology, and complemented by coordinated measures during and after accidents. At the same time, the current policy structure is still unbalanced. Policy tools play a prominent role, while enabling and incentive tools are insufficient. The integration degree of policy tools with governance logic elements is low, affecting the overall effectiveness of governance. In the future, it is necessary to promote the optimization of policy tool structure, balance the distribution of governance elements, and strengthen the deep integration of policies and elements to enhance the level of work safety governance.

Safety Technology and Engineering

Parameter solution of probability integral method under condition of thick loose layer based on SAA-GRNN optimization model

Zhang Jianguo, Wang Wenchang, Ren Lianwei, Zou Youfeng, Dun Zhilin

2026, 36(5):  18-26.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0204

Asbtract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (5897KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To address the problems of low accuracy and insufficient adaptability in existing methods for determining the parameters of PIM for predicting surface deformation prediction in goaf areas under thick unconsolidated layers, 36 sets of measured surface movement data from coal mining working faces were selected. The core indicators of mining-geological conditions were screened via Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Entropy Weight Method(EWM) and Grey Relational Degree (GRD) analysis. Furthermore, the GRNN model was optimized by integrating K-fold cross-validation with the neighborhood perturbation strategy of SAA, and an SAA-GRNN optimization model was constructed for PIM parameter determination. A case study was conducted using 45 sets of data from coal mining working faces with thick unconsolidated layers in the Jining area. The results show that: seven mining-geological condition indicators can be classified into three categories, and five core input indicators were identified screening, namely mining thickness M, coal seam dip angle α, mining depth H, strike mining degree D₃/H, and unconsolidated layer thickness h. The maximum root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of SAA-GRNN model is no more than 0.190 4, the maximum mean absolute error (MAE) is controlled within 0.133 9, the maximum mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 0.153 6, and the overall coefficient of determination (R²) is generally above 0.8. Under the same conditions, the prediction errors are greatly reduced compared with those obtained using Back Propagation (BP) neural network and the conventional GRNN model.

Research on safety risk transmission paths of hydropower engineering construction in high-altitude area based on SFEP-SD

Jiang Xin, Cao Lu, Yang Jing, Li Bingzi, Jin Lianghai

2026, 36(5):  27-37.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1176

Asbtract ( 10 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (4229KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To manage risk transmission and reduce the probability of construction safety accidents, the evolution process and characteristics of construction safety risk transmission in high-altitude areas were explored. Firstly, based on construction accident reports of hydropower projects in high-altitude areas and the 4M1E theory, a construction safety risk factor system was constructed from five aspects: personnel, machinery and equipment, materials, management, technology, and environment. The Decision-Making Experiment and Assessment Technique (DEMATEL) was used to analyze risk events triggered by risk factors. Then, based on the SFEP theory, a construction safety risk transmission network was established, and the risk transmission probability of each path was calculated through association rules. The SD method was utilized to construct an SD model of the construction safety risk transmission network. Finally, a large hydropower project in Xizang was taken as an example for simulation verification. The results show that the SD model of the construction safety risk transmission network reveals 29 risk transmission paths from 17 edge events, 15 process events, to 5 final events, as well as their evolution trends and sensitivities. Environmental and management risk events are identified as key nodes, and three key transmission paths are identified. Based on this, targeted risk transmission prevention and control measures are proposed, providing a theoretical basis for the management of construction safety risks in hydropower projects in high-altitude areas.

Scenario construction and risk analysis of confined space operations based on Bayesian networks

Wang Haijun, Zhang Yue

2026, 36(5):  38-47.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0797

Asbtract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (5382KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to accurately identify risks and effectively prevent accidents in confined space operations, a scenario-based accident evolution model grounded in key elements was developed to conduct quantitative risk analysis. This study addressed confined space operations by systematically organizing their key elements, which encompass physical characteristics, spatiotemporal context, environmental conditions, safety management, and emergency decision-making. The Web Ontology Language (OWL) was employed to standardize the description of these elements and represent the scenarios, thereby enabling a structured and standardized characterization of accident evolution. Drawing upon data from nearly 50 domestic confined space accident cases, as well as current standards and expert knowledge, the study performed state-based description and correlation analysis on critical aspects, including gas detection, ventilation, personal protective equipment, and accident consequences throughout the operational process. A BN structure and probability parameters were established accordingly. An empirical analysis of a confined space poisoning accident was conducted to validate the model. The results show that the systematic identification of critical safety factors contributes to the structured management of accident knowledge. Furthermore, the BN model constructed on this basis enables quantitative risk assessment and scenario deduction. The empirical findings demonstrate that risk-ignorant rescue attempts constitute the primary factor exacerbating outcomes in confined space accidents, particularly when multiple non-professional responders enter without personal protective equipment. Therefore, emergency plans should clearly define rescue procedures, responsibilities, and protection requirements.

SAPSO-BP data fusion algorithm based on nuclide monitoring of uranium tailings pond

Yu Xiuwu, Xiao Lin, Ye Lai

2026, 36(5):  48-55.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0403

Asbtract ( 8 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (4710KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to improve the efficiency of data fusion in the wireless sensor network (WSN) of a uranium tailings pond, reduce redundant data transmission, and extend network lifespan, an innovative data fusion algorithm was proposed, namely the SAPSO-BP data fusion algorithm based on improved SA and PSO optimized BP neural network. The algorithm integrated the global search capability of the SA algorithm with the efficient optimization mechanism of the PSO algorithm, incorporating dynamic inertia weights and mutation operators to enhance global search ability and avoid local optima. Furthermore, the improved algorithm was used to optimize the weight matrix and threshold parameters of the BP neural network, constructing a high-performance multi-sensor data fusion model, which was applied to radionuclide monitoring in uranium tailings ponds. The results show that the SAPSO-BP algorithm outperforms the compared algorithms in terms of data fusion accuracy, network energy consumption, and network lifespan. Compared with the traditional BP algorithm, it reduces mean relative error(MRE) and root mean square error(RMSE)by up to 40% and 45%, respectively, and improves the goodness of fit to 0.908 3. Additionally, it delays the first node death to approximately 1 180 rounds, extends the overall network lifespan to about 1 500 rounds, and achieves lower node energy consumption and a more balanced energy distribution.

Simulation study on Multi-UAV leak source detection in large and medium-sized chemical plant areas

Zhang Xuefeng, Tang Jingjing, Jiang Jun, Chen Di

2026, 36(5):  56-63.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1091

Asbtract ( 5 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (6600KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to address frequent hazardous gas leaks in large and medium-sized chemical plant areas, this study proposes a leak source localization method based on a multi-strategy improved PSO(MSPSO) algorithm, leveraging the collaborative capabilities of a small number of UAVs. First, considering the physical constraints UAVs face during actual movement, an acceleration control strategy was integrated into PSO algorithm. Simultaneously, the chemical plant area was divided into distinct zones to more accurately simulate the UAVs' flight states during the search process. Second, an upwind search strategy was introduced based on diffusion characteristics of leak sources, utilizing wind direction information to accelerate the search process. Third, to prevent UAVs from getting stuck in pseudo-leak sources, Cauchy mutation perturbations and simulated annealing mechanisms were employed to enhance the UAVs' ability to escape local optima. Finally, a three-dimensional simulation environment for large and medium-sized chemical plant areas was established to compare and analyze the performance of various swarm intelligence algorithms in simulated scenarios. The results indicate that MSPSO exhibits faster convergence and higher localization success rates, with performance better meeting the leakage source localization requirements of large-to-medium-scale chemical plant areas.

Experimental and simulation study on influence of pick cone angle on coal-rock fragmentation and dust-generation characteristics

Jing Deji, Dong Zhibin, Wang Deji, Li Zhen, Liu Hongwei, Bao Chunhua

2026, 36(5):  64-72.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1249

Asbtract ( 6 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (23982KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To investigate the influence of pick cone angle on coal-rock fragmentation and dust generation characteristics during underground roadheading operations, a multi-scale integrated approach combining experimental tests and discrete element method (DEM) simulations was adopted. Four picks with cone angles of 78, 92, 105 and 118° were selected as research objects. Roadheading cutting tests were conducted to analyze the particle size distribution of generated debris and dust. DEM simulations using the PBM in Particle Flow Code (PFC) software accurately reproduced the entire process of coal-rock fragmentation and dust generation during roadheading. The evolution trends of crack quantity, crack type, number of minimum-sized discrete particles, and ejection velocity were analyzed under two operational modes of the cutting head: penetration and slewing. The results indicate that as the cone angle increases, the coarseness index (CI) of coal wall debris decreases from 728.92 to 696.91, while the dust proportion increases from 0.4% to 0.67%, demonstrating that the degree of coal wall fragmentation and dust generation increases with pick cone angle. The fragmentation index rises and the uniformity index declines, indicating a broader dust particle size distribution and a higher proportion of fine dust particles. Simulation results show that the total number of cracks on the coal wall increases from 22 980 to 27 272, with tensile cracks consistently accounting for over 73% of the total. The number of minimum-sized free particles increases from 371 to 459, and their average initial ejection velocity decreases from 0.250 m/s to 0.221 m/s. In summary, increasing the pick cone angle intensifies dust generation to a certain extent, but helps suppress the dispersion range of dust.

Experimental study on effect of phosphorus-based flame retardants with different valence states on lithium-ion batteries performance

Xi Peng, Sun Fengling, Fan Xiaoping, Tang Xiaoyu, Zhuo Qiming, Ji Hongbing

2026, 36(5):  73-82.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0316

Asbtract ( 8 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (9344KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To fundamentally enhance the safety of lithium-ion batteries, phosphorus-based flame retardants were added to the electrolyte, and the effects of different valence states of phosphorus-based flame retardants on safety performance and electrochemical performance were studied. The impact of phosphorus-based flame retardants on the thermal stability of the electrolyte was compared using self-extinguishing time and differential scanning calorimetry. The influence of phosphorus-based flame retardants on the basic properties of the electrolyte was analyzed through linear sweep voltammetry. Further, cyclic voltammetry tests, cycling performance tests, rate capability tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were conducted to explore the effects of varying volume ratios of phosphorus-based flame retardants on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO₄|Li half-cells. The results show that electrolytes containing 5% trimethyl phosphate (TMP) and trimethyl phosphite (TMPi) exhibit significantly reduced self-extinguishing times, with the former also expanding the electrochemical window of the electrolyte. The LiFePO₄|Li half-cell with 5% TMP demonstrates a smaller potential difference between the oxidation and reduction peaks, reduced battery polarization, and maintains a higher discharge capacity after 300 cycles, with a capacity retention rate of 99.6%. In contrast, the addition of 5% TMPi leads to a decline in discharge capacity. Methyl phosphate flame retardants exhibit weaker molecular activity and less adverse effects compared to methyl phosphite flame retardants. Under the premise of not compromising electrochemical performance, adding 5% trimethyl phosphate is more effective in improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries.

Mechanism of detonation failure and re-ignition of acetylene-oxygen mixture

Sun Xuxu, Yang Yiwei, Liu Yongjiang, Yao Jiaxin, Wang Jun, Li Guochun

2026, 36(5):  83-88.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0923

Asbtract ( 8 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (5697KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to reveal the influence of small perturbations on the failure and re-initiation of normal detonation and quasi-detonation waves, experimental were carried out on acetylene-oxygen mixtures. Firstly, thin metal plates of different lengths were arranged in the explosion chamber to introduce small-scale perturbations. Then, helical springs with wire diameters of 7 and 9 mm were used to construct rough wall surfaces for generating quasi-detonation. Finally, distributed photoelectric probes were employed to record the arrival times of detonation waves, and a high-speed schlieren system was combined to observe the diffraction and re-initiation processes of detonation waves. The research reveals that introducing minor perturbations significantly reduces the critical initiation pressure threshold. Below this critical initial pressure, re-initiation of the detonation wave is impossible, even with perturbations present. Conversely, above this critical pressure, planar detonation waves within the tube consistently transition to spherical detonation waves in all repeated experiments. The re-initiation site for normal detonation in a smooth tube consistently occurs near the thin plate, whereas the re-initiation location for quasi-detonation in a rough tube exhibits randomness. Quantitative analysis demonstrates distinct critical initiation criteria for the two detonation types: for the successful re-initiation of detonation, the ratio of the critical tube diameter to the detonation cell size must be greater than or equal to 13, while the critical threshold for the successful re-initiation of quasi-detonation is reduced to approximately 8 for the ratio of the critical tube diameter to the cell size.

Fault diagnosis model for mine main hoists based on BO-XGBoost-SHAP architecture

Sheng Wu, Chu Xiaoyu, Wu Minwei

2026, 36(5):  89-97.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1124

Asbtract ( 10 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (10086KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To address the problems of lagging fault response and insufficient accuracy in the traditional operation and maintenance mode of mine main hoists, a fault diagnosis model for mine main hoists based on BO-XGBoost was constructed, and the SHAP method was integrated to improve the model interpretability. The Bayesian Optimization (BO) algorithm was used to optimize the hyperparameters of the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model. Based on the monitoring data from an experimental mine main hoist, the XGBoost model combined with the SHAP attribution analysis method was adopted to identify the key influencing factors and their action mechanisms. The results show that compared with the baseline XGBoost model, the BO-XGBoost model increases accuracy by 4.1%, reduces log loss by 41.9%, and shortens model training time by 80.1%. Compared with traditional decision tree, random forest and LightGBM algorithms, the BO-XGBoost model improves precision by 26.5%, 11.9% and 13.6%, respectively, demonstrating excellent test accuracy.Wire rope tension, lower sheave temperature and motor voltage are the three key causal factors of faults. Different fault types are affected by different factors; for instance, excessively high main shaft vibration, motor temperature and excessively low hoisting speed provide greater positive gain for main shaft fault prediction. Three-factor interaction analysis reveals the dominant role and influence patterns of various factors during wire rope faults. The probability of wire rope faults is mainly dominated by tension, motor current and hoisting speed. Excessively low tension or current significantly increases the risk, and rising hoisting speed further aggravates the fault probability, whereas lower sheave temperature has a weak influence.

A detection algorithm for insulated glove wearing status of distribution network operators

Yang Zhiling, Ding Zhixin, Li Jia, Pangou Goma F R

2026, 36(5):  98-104.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0318

Asbtract ( 16 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (9071KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To address the degraded detection performance of insulated glove wearing status caused by small hand regions in complex distribution network operation scenarios, a small-object-oriented detection algorithm, termed LN (LLC (Light-weight, Light, Coordinate) +NWD(Normalized Wasserstein Distance)), -YOLO is proposed.First, an LLC module was designed by integrating lightweight spatial pyramid pooling, a receptive field fusion attention mechanism, and coordinate convolution, thereby enhancing spatial perception through multi-scale feature aggregation and coordinate embedding.Subsequently, the Mixup data augmentation strategy was introduced to improve model robustness, and a NWD loss function is incorporated to optimize small-object detection.Finally, the effectiveness of LLC module was validated through controlled experiments to determine the optimal baseline, followed by ablation and comparative experiments on the proposed method.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a detection accuracy of 90.1%, representing a 2.0% improvement over the baseline, with a detection speed of 56 frames per second and a memory footprint of 15.7 MB, meeting the requirements for accuracy, real-time performance, and edge-device deployment in distribution network operation scenarios.

Risk assessment for physical hazard-bearing bodies based on consequences of hazardous chemical accidents and vulnerability

Guan Wenling, Wang Yutong, Wang Li, Ren Changxing, Dong Chengjie

2026, 36(5):  105-112.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1819

Asbtract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (7380KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To enhance the importance of buildings and bridges as physical hazard-bearing bodies for hazardous chemical accidents in regional risk assessment. In this paper, a physical vulnerability assessment model was established, and a risk assessment method was proposed, which considered the hazardous chemical accident consequences and the physical vulnerability of hazard-bearing bodies. Firstly, areal locations of hazardous atmospheres (ALOHA) was used to simulate the possible risk footprints of hazards. Secondly, a physical vulnerability assessment model including exposure, sensitivity and adaptability was established. Density of structures and distance from the accident center supply were selected as the exposure dimension layer. The age of the structures, building height, seismic grade of building and bridge length were selected as sensitivity dimension layer. Emergency shelter area, road area and infrastructure maintenance funds were selected as the adaptability index layer, and the driving force factors of physical hazard-bearing body vulnerability were analyzed through the geographical detector. Finally, arc geographic information system (ArcGIS) was used to superimpose the accident consequence map and the physical vulnerability map to generate a comprehensive risk map to realize the comprehensive risk visualization of hazard-bearing body. This method was applied to the risk assessment of physical hazard-bearing bodies in a town of Tianjin. The results show that the density of structures and the distance from the accident center have the strongest explanatory power for the vulnerability of physical hazard-bearing bodies. The explanatory power of these two factors is 0.515 and 0.464, respectively. High-risk areas result from the spatial overlap of high hazard and high vulnerability. The comprehensive regional risk resulting from the combination of accident consequences and vulnerability exhibits significant spatial variation. On the accident consequence map, the eastern part of the town near the hazard release point is the most dangerous area. However, owing to the low vulnerability of disaster-bearing bodies in the surrounding area of the release point, it is classified as a medium-risk zone on the comprehensive risk map.

Influence of pipelines wear by mine backfill slurry based on CFD-DEM method

He Wen, He Gengfeng

2026, 36(5):  113-121.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0982

Asbtract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (10187KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To prevent safety accidents such as bursting and leakage caused by wear in mine filling pipelines, CFD-DEM was employed to investigate the wear characteristics of filling slurries on pipelines. An L-shaped pipeline and a solid-liquid two-phase flow model were constructed to conduct numerical simulation experiments. Particle size (0.001-0.1 mm), slurry solid volume fraction (60%-80%), and slurry flow velocity (2-6 m/s) were used as variable parameters to explore the maximum wear rate of the pipeline under different conditions. The results indicate that both particle size and solid volume fraction exhibit a nonlinear relationship with the maximum wear rate. At a particle size of 0.1 mm, the maximum wear rate is 13.4 × 10^-5 kg/m². There is a critical solid volume fraction of 70%, at which the maximum wear rate was 7.15 × 10^-5 kg/m²; beyond this value, the wear rate tended to stabilize. The slurry flow velocity shows a linear relationship with the maximum wear rate; at a flow velocity of 7 m/s, the maximum wear rate is 8.25 × 10^-6 kg/m². The influence of each parameter on pipeline wear was ranked as follows: particle size > solid volume fraction > slurry flow velocity. The interaction between particle size and solid volume fraction has the most significant impact, followed by the interaction between solid volume fraction and slurry flow velocity, while the interaction between particle size and slurry flow velocity had the least effect.

Conflict resolution for UAVs in head-on flight scenario based on improved sparrow search algorithm

Zhang Jian, Zhang Yongbo, Zhao Yifei, Lu Fei, Fang Jingnan

2026, 36(5):  122-130.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1015

Asbtract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (4295KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Focusing on the path planning problem for the resolution of high-risk head-on flight conflicts, a UAV resolution path model based on minimum energy consumption was proposed. Multiple factors, such as paths and turns, obstacles, and safety separation, were comprehensively considered in this model. In the model solution, an improved SSA with multi-strategy integration was proposed by improving the chaotic mapping, the golden sine and the follower position update strategy. Its effectiveness was demonstrated by comparing it against 3 other mainstream swarm-intelligence algorithms on 8 standard benchmark functions. For the issue of flight conflict resolution, multi-aircraft conflict scenarios and reduced conflict scenarios were constructed, and 4 algorithms were applied for multiple trials. The comparison was made from two aspects: convergence performance and running time. Simulation results show that, in 4-UAV head-on conflicts scenario, a fitness of 8.86 with a runtime of 4.06 s are achieved by the improved algorithm, while a fitness of 1.26 and a runtime of 3.03 s are obtained in the 3-UAV induced-conflict scenario. All results are optimal, indicating that reasonable resolution paths for head-on conflicts among multiple UAVs can be rapidly provided by the proposed approach. When dealing with complex conflict problems, both computational efficiency and accuracy are taken into account. The new algorithm can quickly plan paths for the resolution of multi-machine head on flight conflicts.

Adsorption and heat transfer characteristics of silica aerogels with water content

Shi Yu, Li Ying, Bi Cheng, Tang Guihua, Huang Shenglin, Song Zhanli

2026, 36(5):  131-138.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0191

Asbtract ( 9 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (13477KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To optimize the aerogel structure and reduce the effective thermal conductivity of the aerogel, the force field, atomic model, heating and cooling calculation modules were added to large-scale atomic/molecular parallel simulator(LAMMPS) to accurately simulate the adsorption of water molecules by silica aerogels and heat transfer processes. The results show that the adsorption capacity of silica aerogels to water molecules increases as the water content increases, showing a significant rise followed by an equilibrium state. With the increase of temperature, the thermal movement of water molecules intensifies, and the adsorption capacity of silica aerogels to water molecules decreases. However, the free water molecular weight increases. As the pressure increases, the collision frequency of water molecules and silica aerogels increases, resulting in an increase in adsorption capacity. When the water content increases and the temperature decreases, the mutual squeezing among water molecules promotes more water molecules to penetrate into the interior of silica aerogels, meanwhile, the thermal motion of water molecules slows down, which is not conducive to their escape from the aerogels pores, resulting in an increase in the number density of the silica aerogels system. Silica aerogels form water films by adsorbing water molecules, and the water films constitute "water bridges". With the increase of water content, the connectivity among "water bridges" is enhanced, and the contact area increases, leading to an increase in effective thermal conductivity of silica aerogels and significant degradation of thermal insulation.

YOLOv8n-based personnel detection model for underground mines optimized with SPDs-Conv and WIoU

Rong Hai, Xi Zhouyong, Li Jincheng, Pan Xiangyin, Zhang Weida, Han Mingyu

2026, 36(5):  139-149.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1332

Asbtract ( 12 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (15919KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To address the issues of low accuracy and weak robustness in existing detection algorithms due to insufficient lighting, scale differences among personnel, and frequent obstruction by equipment in coal mine environments, as well as the challenges posed by high parameter and computational requirements of some models, which make them difficult to adapt to edge devices underground, an improved YOLOv8n model was proposed to optimize personnel detection tasks in complex mine environments. An enhanced SPDs-Conv module was introduced to enhance the extraction of small target features and improve the recognition accuracy of low-pixel personnel in distant views. Cross stage partial feature fusion + selective kernel attention (C2f_SKAttention) module was designed to strengthen the model's focus on targets of different scales and cope with the scale differences of underground personnel. A dynamic detection head was constructed to adapt to the diversity and complexity of targets, and to improve robustness to occlusion and other scenarios. The WIoU loss function was improved to increase the bounding box localization accuracy and reduce the localization deviation caused by low illumination. The results show that the proposed improved YOLOv8n model achieves an mean average precision (mAP) @0.5 of 83.5% and an mAP@0.5:0.95 of 39.0% on the mine personnel detection dataset. Compared with the original YOLOv8n, the P is improved by 8.5%, the R by 11.9%, the mAP@0.5 by 4.7%, and the mAP@0.5:0.95 by 3.3%. The number of parameters only increases from 3.1M to 3.2M, and the Giga Floating-point operations per second (GFLOPS) rises from 14.0G to 14.4G. The proposed model maintains a lightweight structure while improving detection accuracy and robustness. It effectively alleviates missed detection of small underground targets, insufficient multi-scale adaptation and weak anti-interference capability in complex environments, making it suitable for the limited computing power of underground edge equipment.

Numerical simulation and schlieren imaging validation of a swirling air curtain at an open-pit mine discharge port

Chen Jingxu, Zhi Yongkai, Wang Jie, Jing Deji, Guo Yanchao, Liu Yawen

2026, 36(5):  150-158.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0355

Asbtract ( 6 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (18871KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To address the issues of high water consumption and the limited dust suppression range of traditional spray-based dust control technologies, a 1∶1 geometric model of the discharge port in an open-pit mine was established using numerical simulation software. Based on the Realizable k-ε turbulence model, the velocity distribution of induced airflow at the discharge port was investigated. According to the flow field characteristics, a swirling air curtain dust control method was proposed. This method utilizes induced circulation to encapsulate dust particles and employs a dynamic pressure barrier to suppress their diffusion, thereby forming a closed airflow barrier that prevents dust escape. By combining numerical simulations with schlieren observations, the velocity distribution of the induced airflow was analyzed, and the integrity of the swirling air curtain under varying jet angles and airflow velocities was compared. The results indicate that the formation of the swirling air curtain is jointly governed by the jet angle and airflow velocity. As both parameters increase, the vortex core structure becomes more distinct, and the degree of flow field closure is significantly enhanced. When the jet angle ranges from 10° to 20° and the airflow velocity from 15 to 25 m/s, a stable closed reverse-pressure swirling forms at the discharge port, where induced entrainment and circulation effects are most pronounced. When the jet angle is 15° and the airflow velocity is 20 m/s, the negative pressure core remains most stable, and the swirling structure is most fully developed. In contrast, excessively large jet angles or overly high airflow velocities may lead to increased turbulent dissipation and vortex instability, resulting in the breakdown of the air curtain structure. Schlieren observation further confirm that the swirling structure is most complete under the condition of a 15° jet angle and 20 m/s airflow velocity, thereby verifying the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed swirling air curtain dust control method.

Study on combustion characteristics of pool fire under different initial temperatures

Li Cong, Xu Wenbo, Niu Liting, Song Changpeng, Wu Jiansong

2026, 36(5):  159-164.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0814

Asbtract ( 12 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (9129KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To study the influence of initial temperature on the combustion behavior of pool fires, pool fire tests at different initial temperatures (5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 ℃ ) were conducted using a self-built initial temperature controlled pool fire test platform. The characteristics of variations in combustion process, mass loss rate, flame height, and plume temperature were analyzed. The results show that when the initial temperature ranges from 5 to 60 ℃, the combustion process of oil pool fire is divided into three stages: growth, steady and decay. When the initial temperature increases to 80 ℃, the combustion process is divided into five stages: growth, steady, boiling transition, boiling and decay. The mass loss rate, flame height and plume temperature are all positively correlated with the initial temperature. When the initial temperature increases from 5 ℃ to 80 ℃, the mass loss rate, flame height and plume temperature increased by 12.13 g/(s·m²), 170.4 mm, and 130 ℃, respectively. The mass loss rate decreases nonlinearly with the temperature difference between the boiling point of n-heptane and the initial temperature. The ratio of flame height to pool diameter follows a power-law function of the ratio between the initial temperature and the boiling point of n-heptane point.

Risk assessment model for true north transition in aviation based on STPA-BN

Ren Jie, Qu Shiru, Wang Lili, Han Yuansong, Sun Zhiyuan

2026, 36(5):  165-173.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0952

Asbtract ( 9 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (3595KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

With the global transition of civil aviation navigation systems from magnetic north to true north reference, a dynamic risk assessment model integrating STPA and FBN was proposed to quantify, identify, and effectively control systemic risks induced by the navigation reference transition. A four-level control structure-covering strategic, regional, organizational, and equipment layers-was established to identify seven categories of system-level hazards and twelve types of unsafe control actions. Expert uncertainty was quantified via fuzzy sets, and a Bayesian network (BN) was constructed using the Leaky Noisy-or Gate model. Furthermore, a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) was developed to simulate risk evolution across five phases (t₀ to t₀+28 years). The results show that technological lag and insufficient policy coordination are the major risk drivers in the early stage (e.g., airspace conflict probability up to 0.852). However, through phased implementation of technology upgrades, policy alignment, and redundancy design, key risks can be reduced to below 0.01 by t₀+28. This study proposes an original strategy integrating the 'phased compliance-fund disbursement' policy linkage mechanism, aircraft service life-based technical iteration path, and the 'inertial navigation + low-orbit satellite' dual-redundancy artificial intelligence (AI) governance system, to systematically resolve policy delays, intergenerational equipment conflicts and operational risks in the true north transition.

Analysis of explosion resistance of composite floating roofs under implosion loads

Lu Ye, Ding Yuqi, Wang Zhijian, Lyu Qilin, Li Zhichao, Cao Bingyang

2026, 36(5):  174-181.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1203

Asbtract ( 4 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (11559KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to elucidate the combustion and explosion of volatile gas leaks caused by degradation of the floating roof seal performance and its destructive mechanism on composite floating roofs, a multiphase coupled model of liquid storage-composite floating roof incorporating the cell structure of the honeycomb core layer was established. Multiphase coupling analysis of the tank's combustible gas, composite floating roof, and stored liquid was employed in this study to compare damage patterns in the roof panel and honeycomb core under implosion loads. A methodical inquiry was initiated to explore the impact of panel layering angles, honeycomb geometric parameters (including wall thickness, height, and edge length), and cellular element configurations (i.e., regular hexagons, circular, close-packed, and sparingly packed cells) on the blast resilience performance of floating roofs. The results indicate that, in circumstances where liquid levels are at a low ebb, the upper panel is primarily subject to matrix tensile damage (6.82% area fraction), accompanied by 0.16% fibre compression and matrix compression damage. The optimal panel lay-up angle [45°/90°/45°/90°] has been demonstrated to reduce matrix tensile damage to 5.03% area fraction, thus yielding the optimum level of explosion resistance. Hexagonal honeycomb cores have been shown to demonstrate superior blast resistance in comparison to circular cores, while densely packed circular honeycomb exhibits greater load-bearing capacity than sparsely packed configurations. Increasing the thickness and height of honeycomb cells, or reducing cell edge length, has been demonstrated to enhance the floating roof's capacity for blast resistance.

Dual-Wavelength photodetection with amorphous gallium oxide for simulated fire smoke discrimination

Yu Junling, Deng Hao, Ren Xianpei, Xiang Hui, Li Qiang, Hu Qiwei

2026, 36(5):  182-189.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0033

Asbtract ( 7 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (6659KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

A dual-wavelength photoelectric smoke detection simulation system based on amorphous gallium oxide broadband photodetectors was proposed to resolve the limitations of traditional light-scattering smoke detectors. These traditional detectors were susceptible to interference from dust and moisture, exhibit high false alarm rates, and feature prolonged response times. Based on Mie scattering theory, dual wavelengths (980 and 405 nm) were employed by the system to measure smoke particle volume surface area concentration. And SMD was derived for effective differentiation between fire-related and non-fire-related smoke. Measurement bias was minimized by optimization of detection angle parameters (980 nm: 60°, 405 nm: 120°) through theoretical analysis and simulation experiments. The system's effectiveness was validated by simulation tests. Results indicate that the system maintains low false alarm rates for test smoke (fire tests ≤3.3%, non-fire smoke ≤6.7%), demonstrating high sensitivity and low false alarm rates.

Data reliability evaluation for coal mine disaster monitoring system

Qin Kai, Deng Zhigang, Shu Longyong, Wei Shuaihao

2026, 36(5):  190-198.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1025

Asbtract ( 13 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (8055KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Data reliability is essential for accurate identification of coal mine disaster risks. To accurately evaluate the data reliability of coal mine disaster monitoring and early warning systems, relevant policies, regulations, standards and literatures including the One Regulation and Four Detailed Rules were systematically reviewed, and a reliability evaluation method for coal mine disaster monitoring systems was proposed by integrating big data and GIS spatial analysis technology. The method was verified via field practice in disaster prevention and control at a coal mine in Shanxi Province. Results indicate that extracting the characteristics of imprecision, heterogeneity and conflict from multi-source monitoring information is the core to accurately identify unreliable data, including over-limit values, equipment failures, missing information, positional errors and abnormal frequencies. A reliability evaluation index system covering 3 primary categories (legitimacy, compliance and rationality) and 437 subcategories is constructed, which can fully restore multi-source associated information of the monitoring system throughout its full life cycle. During normal production in February 2025 at the test mine, 56 753 pieces of unreliable information were identified by this method, with a 100% accuracy rate verified by manual inspection. Furthermore, this method can dynamically assess whether existing mine monitoring systems meet disaster early warning requirements during the data preprocessing stage, and timely prompt mine maintenance and system upgrading.

Study on seismic and wind resistance performance of a high-rise base-isolated structure with supplemental VIMD

Wang Heng, Song Yinghua, Lyu Wei

2026, 36(5):  199-206.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1355

Asbtract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (10264KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To promote the engineering application of VIMD in high-rise base-isolated structures, a 20-story base-isolated steel structure model was considered. First, the influence of the VIMD's inertance on the structure's natural periods was investigated. Then, 10 real ground motion records were selected from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center database and were scaled to match the target design response spectrum. The control characteristics and seismic mitigation effects of VIMD on the structural response were studied. Finally, based on the Davenport fluctuating wind speed spectrum, the spectral representation method was used to generate 10 stochastic fluctuating wind speed time histories. The control characteristics and wind-induced vibration mitigation effects of VIMD on the structural response were studied. The results indicate that VIMD can further extend the natural periods of the high-rise base-isolated structure, mainly in the first six modes. Under seismic excitations, the control effectiveness of VIMD on the relative displacement response of the isolation layer is comparable to that of Viscous Dampers (VD). However, the vibration mitigation ratios of VIMD for the response of the superstructure is improved by 19.5%-24.5% compared with that of VD. Under wind loads, VIMD and VD have basically the same response control capabilities for the high-rise base-isolated structure.

Mechanism of crack evolution in compacted loess under coupled solar irradiance and wetting-drying cycles

Tian Xinyu, Mei Yuan, Sun Tianhui, Yu Yanan, Zhang Yu

2026, 36(5):  207-214.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1794

Asbtract ( 8 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (12438KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To investigate the effects of solar irradiation and wetting-drying cycles on the crack evolution of compacted loess and clarify the underlying mechanisms, laboratory tests were conducted using a xenon lamp to simulate solar irradiation under varying irradiance levels, dry densities, and wetting-drying cycles. Surface crack images were periodically captured using a self-developed acquisition system. Crack morphological parameters were extracted using the Particle and Crack Analysis System (PCAS), and micro-pore structures were quantitatively analyzed based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, enabling a systematic macro-micro analysis of crack evolution characteristics. Results indicate that increasing irradiance accelerates crack initiation and increases crack ratio, main crack length, and overall fractal dimension. Within the dry density range of 1.5-1.7 g/cm³, higher dry density effectively reduces crack ratio and connectivity, thereby inhibiting crack propagation. Under wetting-drying cycles, porosity generally increases, pore circularity decreases, and fractal dimension shows an initial increase followed by fluctuations, corresponding well with macroscopic crack evolution. Solar irradiation enhances surface evaporation, intensifies moisture migration and deformation heterogeneity, and promotes the transition from pore structure adjustment to macroscopic crack propagation.

Intelligent design and application of high-level boreholes for pressure-relief gas drainage in coal seam mining

Zhang Yibo, Zhao Pengxiang, Li Shugang, Lin Haifei, Sun Hongxing, Liu Yuanjia

2026, 36(5):  215-223.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0504

Asbtract ( 7 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (11386KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To solve the problems of large error of layout parameters and low extraction efficiency of artificially designed high-level gas extraction boreholes, a high-gas mine in Xinjiang was taken as the research object. A design method for pressure-relief gas high-level extraction boreholes based on two-dimensional physical similarity simulation and an intelligent system was proposed. Through the two-dimensional physical similarity simulation test, the evolution characteristics of the horizontal and vertical fractures of the overlying rock were revealed. Additionally, the geometric boundary between the gas migration area (maximum height 36.7 m, maximum width 22.7 m) and the reservoir area (maximum height 26 m, maximum width 17 m) was accurately divided, and the spatial evolution characteristics of gas occurrence were clarified. Based on Python language, the intelligent system of high-level gas extraction borehole was developed, and the 3D geological model is constructed by integrating OpenGL technology. Combined with the parameters such as the horizontal distance between the borehole end point and the opening point, the azimuth angle and the final hole height, the borehole layout parameters (azimuth angle, inclination angle and length) were automatically generated by the self-developed parameter calculation system. Subsequently, the borehole trajectory was simulated by the visual demonstration system. It is shown by the application that the final hole position of the borehole designed by this system is accurately located in the upper part of the caving zone and the middle and lower part of the fracture zone. The gas extraction concentration of 2 # drilling field is recorded at 6.52%—10.94%, which is found to be 2.52%-5.19% higher than that achieved by the traditional method

Numerical simulation of hydrogen diffusion from hydrogen dispenser leakage

Tan Luyao, Yao Yongzheng, Pan Aolan, Hu Maowei

2026, 36(5):  224-233.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0886

Asbtract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (14753KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to reduce accident risks caused by leakage during the refueling process, the hydrogen leakage and diffusion behavior of a 35 MPa hydrogen dispenser was numerically simulated using Ansys Fluent. The characteristics of hydrogen leakage and diffusion under the canopy structure in the refueling zone were investigated. The effects of leakage diameters, ambient wind velocity, and local ventilation on hydrogen concentration distribution and the evolution of flammable areas were analyzed. The results show that when the leakage diameter of filling hose is 2 mm, no flammable area is formed on the underside of canopy. However, when the leakage diameter increases to 5 mm and 10 mm, a flammable area can develop on canopy underside. The location of the highest hydrogen concentration on underside of canopy is concentrated near the axis parallel to the jet direction. Specifically, when leakage diameter is 10 mm, the hydrogen concentration on underside of canopy along vertical leakage direction exhibits a Gaussian distribution. When the ambient wind is perpendicular to leakage direction, wind velocities of 2 m/s and 8 m/s can effectively reduce hydrogen accumulation near the leakage hydrogen dispenser. In contrast, at the wind speed of 5 m/s, a vortex structure was formed near obstacles, leading to hydrogen accumulation and increasing the risk of fire and explosion. Under no ambient wind conditions, local ventilation is provided in the refueling zone. When the ventilation velocity reaches 5 m/s and 10 m/s, the hydrogen cloud concentration within the flow field can be successfully diluted to below the flammable limit within 2 s. Moreover, a ventilation velocity of 10 m/s shows a more pronounced effect in reducing the hydrogen concentrations in front of the leakage source.

Improved YOLOv5s for outer surface defect detection of elevator traction steel wire rope

Li Chunsheng, Sun Weihong, Liang Man, Li Jiefeng

2026, 36(5):  234-242.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0395

Asbtract ( 15 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (14442KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To improve the detection efficiency and automation level of hidden defects on the outer surface of elevator traction steel wire ropes, and reduce the incidence of elevator accidents, an online detection model for defects on the outer surface of elevator traction steel wire ropes based on improved YOLOv5s is constructed. Firstly, the GhostConv module is introduced into the feature extraction layer C3 module to reduce computational complexity, and the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is integrated to enhance the feature extraction capability of small-scale defects. A feature extraction module GC-C3 (GhostConv and CBAM-C3) that integrates GhostConv and CBAM is constructed; Secondly, in the feature fusion layer, Path Aggregation Network (PANet) and Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) are used to construct a multi-scale feature fusion network PBNet (PANet BiFPN), which combines multi-scale weight allocation strategy to improve the fusion effect of multi-scale defect feature information; Then, dynamically adjusting the quality weights of prediction boxes using Weighted Intersection over Union(WIoU) loss function, reducing the interference of low-quality samples on training. Finally, the model will be deployed to the developed detection system to perform online testing on the surface defects of the traction steel wire rope on the elevator car roof, verify the improvement effect of the model, and provide grading reminders for the defects. The results showed that the average detection accuracy of the improved model was 96.2%, with a detection speed of 192 f/s, which was 4.1% and 12.3% higher than the original model, respectively. The model volume was reduced by 38.9%. According to the online visualization experiment, under the actual operating environment of the traction steel wire rope (light illumination of 200~400 lx, speed of 1.5~2 m/s), the average accuracy of the system for 8 typical external surface defects is still stable at 94.6% or above, which meets the application requirements of online detection of hidden dangers of external surface defects of the traction steel wire rope in service and reduces elevator accidents caused by external surface defects of the traction steel wire rope.

Detection algorithms for unsafe behaviors of personnel in heavy industrial workshops under remote monitoring

Zhou Yu, Wu Xin, Chen Jie

2026, 36(5):  243-250.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.08

Asbtract ( 10 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (8828KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To address the issue of insufficient small-object detection accuracy in remote monitoring of heavy industrial workshops, an unsafe behavior detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv7 was proposed. First, the traditional upsampling was replaced with a lightweight content-aware reassembly of features (CARAFE) module, which effectively preserved the semantic information of small objects through adaptive feature reassembly. Second, an improved Bi-level routing efficient layer aggregation network(Bi-ELAN) module was proposed by integrating the BiFormer dynamic sparse attention mechanism into the head network, which strengthened the multi-scale feature fusion capabilities and established target-background contextual relationships. Third, the loss function was refined by introducing the shape intersection over union(ShapeIoU)loss function, which enhanced bounding box regression accuracy through geometric shape constraints. Finally, ablation experiments and comparative experiments were conducted on the improved YOLOv7 model based on constructed remote monitoring perspective dataset. The results show that, while maintaining model lightweight characteristics, the proposed algorithm significantly improves small-object detection accuracy in remote monitoring scenarios. The improved model achieves a precision of 84.2%, a recall of 78.6%, and a mean average precision (mAP@0.5) of 78.8%. Compared to the original YOLOv7 algorithm, the improved algorithm increases precision, recall, and mAP@0.5 by 5%, 0.3%, and 2.6%, respectively.

Experimental study on dust suppression and CO absorption performance of micro-nano bubble water

Cai Sihui, Wang Pengfei, Li Yongjun, Ouyang Dan, Chen Yong

2026, 36(5):  251-259.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0679

Asbtract ( 9 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (12028KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To effectively apply micro-nano bubble water stemming in mining operations, this study investigated the key performance of micro-nano bubble water as the internal filling material in stemming for dust suppression and CO absorption. Experiments including surface tension measurement, contact angle analysis, spray dust suppression, and solution adsorption were conducted to examine the fundamental properties of micro-nano bubble water, such as wettability and oxidation capability, as well as its effectiveness in suppressing blasting dust and CO absorption efficiency. The results show that: compared with tap water, micro-nano bubble water exhibits lower surface tension and a smaller contact angle with coal, thereby enhancing the wettability of coal particles. With prolonged standing time, collapsed microbubbles generates abundant OH radicals, improving the catalytic oxidation performance of micro-nano bubble water. Micro-nano bubble water achieves higher dust suppression efficiency than tap water, reaching up to 62.27%, with a more pronounced effect on respirable dust. In addition, it significantly enhances CO absorption efficiency. As the circulation time of the micro-nano bubble generator increases, along with higher air intake and larger scrubbing water volume, the CO absorption efficiency gradually increases, though its growth rate first rises and then declines. Under optimal experimental conditions, the CO absorption efficiency of micro-nano bubble water reaches 64.27%.

Public Safety and Emergency Management

Routing for truck-drone collaborative distribution in epidemic areas: balancing risk and efficiency

Liu Changshi, Liu Tao, Ma Jingyi, Wang Feng, He Ming, Tang Ke

2026, 36(5):  260-269.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.2155

Asbtract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (4204KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To effectively reduce the contagion risks in the "last-mile" of emergency logistics in epidemic-stricken areas, a truck-drone collaborative delivery mode was first designed. A "basic reproduction number" function was constructed based on epidemic transmission dynamics to quantify the number of infections at various demand points. Then, a routing optimization model for truck-drone collaborative emergency supply delivery was established, aiming to minimize both the total number of infections and the total delivery time. In view of the multi-objective and non-linear characteristics of the model, the IMOABCA was developed. Finally, experiments were carried out through multiple types of instances. The results show that the IMOABCA could scientifically optimize delivery routes by integrating epidemic data, demand point distribution, and population size. Compared with the basic multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm (MOABC)and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II(NSGA-II), the total number of infections is reduced by 922 and 746, respectively. Additionally, the total delivery time is saved by 3.71% and 1.41%, and the task completion time can be shortened by 14.06% and 3.6%, respectively.

Dynamically coordinated routing optimization for mountainous forest fire emergency supply delivery using multi-modal vehicles

Zhou Yufeng, Cheng Jiahao, Pan Zimei, Liu Changshi

2026, 36(5):  270-278.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0356

Asbtract ( 9 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (2172KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To address the challenges of multi-modal vehicle coordination and dynamic scheduling in emergency supply delivery for mountain forest fires, this study proposes an optimized route planning method for emergency supply distribution. Considering factors such as mountainous road network structures, demand urgency, motorcycle and drone participation, and air-ground collaborative delivery, a dynamic collaborative truck-drone-motorcycle route optimization model for mountain forest fire emergency supply delivery is constructed, aiming to minimize delivery time. An improved adaptive large neighborhood search (IALNS) algorithm with a repair operator is designed to solve the model, and it is compared with traditional ALNS and tabu search algorithms(TSA). Research findings indicate: The proposed model and algorithm are applicable to emergency supply delivery in mountainous forest fire scenarios. The IALNS outperforms both ALNS and TSA. Dynamic coordination strategies yield superior results compared to static coordination, reducing the total delivery time by 2.49% to 25.75%. Leveraging the advantages of motorcycles and drones is essential for establishing an optimized multi-vehicle collaborative delivery model.

Vulnerability assessment of airport runways under deliberate attacks

Tang Haizhou, Gong Huadong, Chen Zhilong, Zhao Xudong, Sun Yangyang, Wang Fei

2026, 36(5):  279-286.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0141

Asbtract ( 5 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (5686KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To maintain the operational capability of airports during wartime, an analysis was conducted on the vulnerability of the airport runway to deliberate attacks with conventional weapons. By analyzing the target and functional characteristics of airport runways, a vulnerability assessment framework for airport runways under deliberate attacks by multiple types of conventional weapons is constructed based on the Monte Carlo method. A airport runway vulnerability assessment model is established, and a runway at an airport on the coast of China is selected as a case study. The results show that the binary attack strategy is significantly superior to the random attack strategy. When attacking airport runway targets, the impact of the weapon's circular error probable (CEP) decreases as the weapon's lethal radius increases, while the impact of the weapon's lethal radius decreases as the weapon's CEP increases. Both the CEP and lethal radius impacts decrease with an increase in the number of strikes. Optimization of attack strategies can to some extent compensate for the shortcomings of weapon performance. Under the binary attack strategy, the strike effectiveness of different weapon systems can be ranked in descending order as follows: conventional foreign cruise missiles, large unmanned aerial vehicles, long-range rocket launchers, and howitzers. In terms of protective measures, measures such as multi-band smoke screen interference, Global Positioning System (GPS) jamming, and enhancing the strength grade of concrete can be adopted to reduce the accuracy of weapon strikes and the radius of weapon damage, thereby improving the take-off and landing efficiency of the airport runway.

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Technology and Engineering

Seismic fragility and importance analysis of communication base station systems based on a T-S fault tree

Wang Wei, Wang Yue, Hou Benwei, Xia Chenhong, Guo Xiaodong

2026, 36(5):  287-295.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0510

Asbtract ( 8 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (4860KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To solve the limitations of traditional fault trees in accurately capturing the complex correlations among components of communication base station systems, this study proposes a method for seismic fragility and importance analysis based on T-S fault tree. First, a three-subsystem architecture consisting of power supply, machine room, and transmission is constructed, and a T-S fault tree model for post-earthquake functional loss of communication base station systems is established. The functional correlations among components and subsystems are quantified using gate rule tables. Second, the seismic fragility models of communication base station system and the machine room subsystem are comparatively analyzed. Then, the seismic fragility of communication base station system is calculated using traditional fault trees and Monte Carlo simulation, and compared with the results from T-S fault tree. Finally, key impact factors are identified by combining the T-S critical importance analysis, and the weak links of the system are located through the sensitivity analysis of component fragility parameters. The results show that analyzing only the seismic fragility of the machine room subsystem underestimates the risk of system functional loss, and it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the seismic fragility of the communication base station system by integrating the three subsystems. The T-S fault tree method has advantages in describing the fuzzy logic relationships among components, and its results are more reliable than those from traditional fault tree. Cables under the slight damage state and machine room buildings under the severe damage state are the key impact factors. Substations, transmission lines, and machine room buildings have the most significant impact on the system function.

Evaluation of public response behaviors for rainstorm disasters based on PSR model and LBS data

Chen Anying, Ye Zhihao, Jiang Wenyu, Tan Xiaotong

2026, 36(5):  296-303.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1636

Asbtract ( 6 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (4516KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to address the challenges of quantitatively evaluating public behavioral responses to rainstorm disasters and clarifying the degree of their alignment with disaster risks, this study took the Shenzhen "9·7" rainstorm as a case study. Employing the PSR model and public LBS data, public response behaviors during the disaster were comprehensively evaluated from three dimensions: pressure, state, and response. A response adaptation index was established to measure the alignment between public behavior and rainstorm disaster risks. The findings indicate that, compared to normal conditions, the public's travel patterns during rainstorms exhibit similar spatial characteristics but with reduced intensity. Across all time phases, the response effectiveness is highest during non-peak daytime hours. Among different administrative districts, residents in Futian and Longhua District demonstrate the highest level of responsiveness, while those in Yantian District exhibit a relatively weaker response. Among various functional area types, schools and recreational areas show the most significant reduction in travel intensity, indicating the most positive public response, whereas residential and office areas showed a comparatively weaker response.

Dynamic modeling method for avalanche-dammed lake-flood hazard chains in southeastern Tibet Plateau

Zhu Zhuojie, Zhu Jiasong, Jiang Wenyu, Chen Zijun, Luo Xianghuan, Li Qingquan

2026, 36(5):  304-313.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1290

Asbtract ( 6 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (18328KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To achieve scientific prevention and control of avalanche disasters in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, a dynamic deduction and assessment model for avalanche hazard chains was developed, focusing on a high-frequency avalanche site along National Highway G219. A foundational geospatial dataset was first constructed using high-resolution digital elevation models, multi-source remote sensing imagery, and field survey data to support numerical modeling. Building upon snowpack instability mechanisms and physical kinematic theory, a multi-factor-driven model was established to quantify key physical parameters of avalanche processes, including flow trajectories, dynamic characteristics, and deposit morphologies. The SEEP/W model was then employed to evaluate the internal seepage stability of avalanche-induced natural dams under different water-level gradients. Finally, the Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the post-breach flood propagation, calculating critical variables such as downstream water levels and flow velocities. Results reveal that the dynamic modeling method proposed in this study can quantitatively characterize the evolution of the hazard chain: avalanches in this region are characterized by dense snowpack, high flow velocities, and strong impact forces, with deposited material prone to obstructing adjacent rivers and forming temporary dammed lakes. These provisional dams exhibit poor structural stability and are highly susceptible to rapid breaching, generating destructive floods that pose severe inundation threats to downstream infrastructure and nearby settlements.