锂离子电池火灾特性及痕迹鉴定技术

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2017.11.004

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (11): 18-23.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2017.11.004

锂离子电池火灾特性及痕迹鉴定技术

张怡助理研究员, 王立芬助理研究员, 吕忠, 阳世群副研究员, 彭波助理研究员, 赵长征研究员

公安部四川消防研究所公安部消防局四川火灾物证鉴定中心,四川成都 610036

收稿日期:2017-09-07 修回日期:2017-10-16 发布日期:2020-10-21
作者简介:张怡 (1987—),男,重庆人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事火灾物证鉴定、锂离子电池防护及阻燃材料研究。E-mail:chemzhang0601@126.com。
基金资助:
公安部技术研究计划项目(2015JSYJC12);公安部四川消防研究所基本科研业务费专项项目(20168803Z)。

Study on lithium-ion batteries' fire characteristics and trace identification technology

ZHANG Yi, WANG Lifen, LYU Zhong, YANG Shiqun, PENG Bo, ZHAO Changzheng

Sichuan Fire Evidence Identification Center of Fire Department of MPS, Sichuan Fire Research Institute of MPS, CHENGdu Sichuan 610036, China

Received:2017-09-07 Revised:2017-10-16 Published:2020-10-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究锂离子电池在不同故障条件下的火灾特性,以几种常见电动汽车锂离子电池为研究对象,开展锂离子电池在针刺、外部高温以及过电压充电条件下的危险性试验,并研究电池燃烧产生的熔痕。结果表明:与钴酸锂锂离子电池和磷酸铁锂锂离子电池相比,三元锂离子电池在针刺和外部高温试验中温升最高、毒性气体释放量最大;在过电压充电时,三元锂离子电池极易发热,且表面温度升高较快,有明显的火灾危险性;锂离子电池燃烧产生的高温能使铁质外壳熔化,熔痕部位金相组织呈现电弧作用痕迹特征,电池金属外壳的金相组织长大且呈现不均匀分布。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 火灾特性, 气体释放, 金相分析, 痕迹鉴定

Abstract: In order to investigate the fire characteristics of lithium-ion battery under different fault conditions, puncturing, external heating, and overvoltage charging experiments were carried out on several common lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles. Melted marks caused by the battery combustion were investigated as well. The results show in the puncturing and external heating experiments, both temperature rise and toxic gas release level of the ternary materials lithium-ion battery are higher than those of any of both the LiCoO₂ lithium-ion battery and the LiFePO₄ lithium-ion battery. In the overvoltage charging experiments, the ternary materials lithium-ion battery is easy to give out heat, and its surface temperature increases quickly, showing an obvious fire risk. The heat produced by the battery combustion can melt the iron shell. And the metallographic structures of the melted mark presents the characteristic of arc trace. That the metallographic structures of metal shell grow, presenting an uneven distribution.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, fire characteristic, gas release, metallographic analysis, trace identification

中图分类号:

X932

张怡助理研究员, 王立芬助理研究员, 吕忠, 阳世群副研究员, 彭波助理研究员, 赵长征研究员. 锂离子电池火灾特性及痕迹鉴定技术[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2017, 27(11): 18-23.

ZHANG Yi, WANG Lifen, LYU Zhong, YANG Shiqun, PENG Bo, ZHAO Changzheng. Study on lithium-ion batteries' fire characteristics and trace identification technology[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27(11): 18-23.

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锂离子电池火灾特性及痕迹鉴定技术

Study on lithium-ion batteries' fire characteristics and trace identification technology

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