中国安全科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 38-45.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.2739

• 安全科学理论与安全系统科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

国外空管不安全事件中的人误风险分析

杨越1(), 马博凯1, 曹宇轩2   

  1. 1 中国民航大学 空中交通管理学院,天津 300300
    2 中国人民警察大学 警务指挥学院,河北 廊坊 065000
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-10 修回日期:2022-10-20 出版日期:2022-12-28
  • 作者简介:

    杨 越 (1984—),男,天津人,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,主要从事空管运行中的人为因素等方面的研究。E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金资助(52102419); 天津市应用基础研究多元投入基金资助(21JCZDJC00780); 民航华东空管局科技项目(KJ2102)

Human error risk analysis based on foreign unsafe events in air traffic management

YANG Yue1(), MA Bokai1, CAO Yuxuan2   

  1. 1 College of Air Traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
    2 Police Command College, China People's Police University, Langfang Hebei 065000, China
  • Received:2022-07-10 Revised:2022-10-20 Published:2022-12-28

摘要:

以近20年国外空管(ATM)不安全事件的调查报告为数据样本,研究导致管制员人为差错的风险因素。首先基于认知差错回溯分析(TRACEr)方法,在感知、记忆、计划决策和响应执行4个认知层面,划分管制员人误类型及差错根因类别;然后采用基于粗糙集理论(RST)的数据挖掘方法和贝叶斯网络(BN)的逆向推理方法计算各认知领域的差错风险表征值。研究结果表明:警觉性失效、信息处理失误、环境干扰和信息传输不清晰是引发不安全事件的高风险因素。边界视野局限、视觉识别失误、期望倾向、注意力未全局化等视觉感知差错根因在地面不安全事件中占主要影响;而记忆障碍、未充分学习、风险辨识失效、负作用影响等记忆和计划决策差错根因在空中不安全事件中占主要影响。经RST挖掘得到的视觉感知差错和信息传输差错是主要人误类型;而由BN分析得出的结论中,判断差错成为影响程度仅次于视觉感知差错的重要人误类型。

关键词: 空管(ATM)不安全事件, 人误风险, 粗糙集理论(RST), 贝叶斯网络(BN), 认知差错回溯分析(TRACEr)

Abstract:

Taking the investigation reports of foreign unsafe events in ATM in the past 20 years as data samples, the risk factors leading to human errors of controllers were studied. Based on the method of cognitive error backtracking analysis (TRACEr), the types and root causes of controller errors were divided into four cognitive levels: perception, memory, planning decision and response execution. The data mining method based on RST and the reverse reasoning method of BN were used to calculate the error risk representation value of each cognitive field. The results show that vigilance failure, information processing fault, environmental interference and unclear information transmission were the high-risk factors of unsafe events. The root causes of visual perception errors such as boundary vision limitation, visual recognition error, expectation tendency and unglobalized attention are the main influencing factors in the ground unsafe events. The root causes of memory impairment, insufficient learning, risk identification failure, and negative effects, account for the main influence in air insecurity incidents. The visual perception error and information transmission error obtained by RST are the main human error types. In the conclusion of BN analysis, judgment error is the most important human error next to visual perception error.

Key words: unsafe event in air traffic management(ATM), human error risk, rough set theory(RST), Bayesian network(BN), technique for retrospective analysis of cognitive errors(TRACEr)