基于Topsis改进因子分析的公路隧道入口段视觉负荷研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.0039

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究直线公路隧道入口段驾驶者的视觉负荷,首先,通过实车试验采集5种视觉指标,采用Topsis改进因子分析法建立视觉负荷评价模型;然后,分析不同时间及位置下视觉负荷的变化特征,基于构建的视觉负荷曲线提出行车舒适评价标准,并运用已发表数据验证构建负荷模型的泛化能力;最后,通过敏感度分析探究视觉指标对视觉负荷的影响程度。结果表明:当驾驶者位于距洞口-13~55 m(12:00)、-10~49 m(15:00)时,视觉负荷超过临界值(0.906),驾驶者的行车舒适度和安全性极低;洞口驾驶者的视觉负荷值和接近度远大于洞内和洞外;18:00的视觉负荷和接近度远低于12:00和15:00。视觉指标的敏感度参数从大到小依次为注视时间、瞳孔面积、注视次数、扫视幅度、扫视速度。

关键词: Topsis改进因子分析, 公路隧道入口段, 视觉负荷, 行车安全, 视觉指标

Abstract:

In order to investigate the visual load of drivers at the threshold zone of linear highway tunnels, five visual indicators of drivers were collected through the real vehicle test. A visual load evaluation model was developed by the Topsis improved factor analysis method, the visual load at different times and locations was analyzed, the evaluation criteria of driving comfort were proposed based on the constructed visual load curve, the generalization ability of the constructed load model was verified by using published data, and finally, the influence of visual indicators on visual load was investigated by sensitivity analysis. The results show that when the driver locates about -13 m to 55 m (12:00) and -10 m to 49 m (15:00) from the entrance, the visual load exceeds the boundary value (0.906), indicating the driver's driving comfort and safety is extremely low. The visual load and closeness of the drivers near the entrance are much greater than those inside and outside the entrance, and the visual load and closeness at 18:00 are much lower than those at 12:00 and 15:00. The sensitivity parameters of the visual indicators are fixation duration, pupil area, fixation time, saccade range, saccade speed in descending order.

Key words: Topsis improved factor analysis, threshold zone of highway tunnel, visual load, traffic safety, visual indicators

中图分类号:

X910安全人体学

梁波, 秦灿, 牛佳安, 肖靖航, 文森. 基于Topsis改进因子分析的公路隧道入口段视觉负荷研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(1): 77-84.

LIANG Bo, QIN Can, NIU Jia'an, XIAO Jinghang, WEN Sen. Visual load in threshold zone of highway tunnel based on Topsis improved factor analysis method[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(1): 77-84.

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KMO检验	Bartelett球形检验
KMO值	近似卡方	自由度	显著性p值
0.788	187.037	10	0.00

标准化变量	公因子方差		因子载荷矩阵		因子得分系数矩阵
标准化变量	初始	提取	公因子F₁	公因子F₂	公因子F₁	公因子F₂
注视时间Z₁	1	0.847	0.92	0.017	-0.267	0.095
注视次数Z₂	1	0.964	0.98	0.056	0.278	-0.027
扫视幅度Z₃	1	0.998	0.063	0.997	-0.066	0.997
扫视速度Z₄	1	0.883	0.933	0.11	0.26	0.032
瞳孔面积Z₅	1	0.883	0.934	0.1	0.261	0.022

成分	初始特征值			提取载荷平方比			旋转载荷平方比
成分	总计	方差/%	累计/%	总计	方差/%	累计/%	总计	方差/%	累计/%
1	3.59	71.8	71.8	3.59	71.8	71.8	3.55	71.11	71.11
2	0.98	19.7	91.49	0.98	19.7	91.49	1.01	20.39	91.5
3	0.2	4.15	95.65	—	—	—	—	—	—
4	0.17	3.56	99.21	—	—	—	—	—	—
5	0.03	0.79	100	—	—	—	—	—	—

区段	分类	接近度	排名
时间区段	12:00	0.514 9	1
	15:00	0.493 2	2
	12:00	0.321 3	3
位置区段	洞外	0.478 7	3
	洞口	0.626 1	1
	洞内	0.533 1	2