物质流分析方法在危险化学品事件物证勘验中的应用

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0279

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物证勘验是查明危险化学品事件发生原因的必要手段和重要环节,但危险化学品事件表现形式多为爆炸和火灾,容易引发多米诺效应,物证调查存在一定的难度。为提高现场勘验的效率、减少危险化学品事件的发生,采用物质流分析方法(MFA)开展事件现场情报信息分析并基于具体案例探索物质流分析理论方法在危险化学品事件物证勘验中应用价值与前景。并以“江苏响水3·21特别重大爆炸事故”为例,绘制“天嘉宜化工厂苯二胺项目物质流动分析图”和“危险物质分布图”,对涉事企业作物质流分析。结果表明:MFA可识别危险区域和危险物质,为现场勘验人员提供安全防护参考信息;还可为现场物证的提取和检验鉴定提供范围和方向。

关键词: 物质流分析方法(MFA), 危险化学品事件, 物证勘验, 爆炸事故, 工艺流程

Abstract:

Physical evidence investigation was a necessary means and important link to identify the causes of hazardous chemical incidents. However, the manifestations of hazardous chemical incidents were often explosions and fires, which could easily trigger a domino effect, making physical evidence investigation somewhat difficult. In order to improve the efficiency of on-site inspections and reduce the occurrence of hazardous chemical incidents. MFA method was adopted to conduct on-site intelligence information analysis and explore the application value of MFA theoretical methods in the physical evidence inspection of hazardous chemical incidents based on specific cases. Based on "Jiangsu Xiangshui 3·21 serious Explosion Accident", "Material Flow Analysis Map" and "Hazardous Substance Distribution Map" were drawn for Tianjiayi Chemical Plant, and material flow analysis research was conducted on the involved enterprises. The results indicate that MFA can identify hazardous areas and substances, providing safety protection reference information for on-site inspectors. It can also provide scope and direction for extracting, inspecting, and identifying on-site physical evidence.

Key words: material flow analysis(MFA), hazardous chemical incidents, site inspection, explosion accident, technological process

中图分类号:

X937

李光耀, 张冠男, 周正, 郭洪玲, 朱军. 物质流分析方法在危险化学品事件物证勘验中的应用[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(11): 140-145.

LI Guangyao, ZHANG Guannan, ZHOU Zheng, GUO Hongling, ZHU Jun. Application of material flow analysis method in investigation of material evidence in hazardous chemical cases[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(11): 140-145.

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序号	名称	面积	备注
1	仓库 4个	见备注	仓库1:648 m²;仓库2:1 296 m²; 仓库3:1 296 m²;仓库4:1 296 m²
2	甲类库	720 m²	-
3	1#罐区	2 424 m²	3×1 500 m³立式93%硫酸储罐;1×1 500 m³立式98%硫酸储罐;4×200 m³卧式浓硝酸储罐
4	2#罐区	583 m²	2×25 m³立式二硝基苯储罐;1×25 m³立式间苯二胺储罐;1×25 m³立式甲醇储罐;1×25 m³立式粗间苯二胺储罐;2×15 m³卧式98%硫酸储罐;2×15 m³卧式发烟硫酸储罐;2×12 m³卧式盐酸储罐
5	3#罐区	417 m²	1×50 m³立式均三甲苯储罐;1×50 m³立式对二甲苯储罐;1×50 m³立式硫酸储罐;1×25 m³立式甲醇储罐;1×25 m³立式甲苯储罐;3×50 m³立式甲醇储罐
6	5#罐区	1 761 m²	2×1 500 m³立式苯储罐;1×1 500 m³立式甲醇储罐
7	6#罐区	129 m²	2×50 m³立式甲醇储罐

序号	名称	危害性	现勘防护建议
1	甲醇	易燃、剧毒、易挥发	眼防护:化学安全防护镜呼吸防护:过滤式防毒面具防护服:防渗透、防静电手脚防护:防渗透现场严禁明火、吸烟
2	苯	易燃、高毒、易挥发
3	浓硝酸	强腐蚀性
4	浓硫酸	强腐蚀性
5	硝基苯系物	爆炸物
6	苯二胺类	有毒
7	其他	—